Chronic Chagas disease might have an impact on benznidazole pharmacokinetics with potential alterations in the therapeutic dosing regimen. The study aims to investigate the influence of chronic T. cruzi infection on the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of benznidazole in mice. Healthy (n = 40) and chronically T. cruzi (Berenice-78 strain) infected (n = 40) Swiss female 10-month old mice received a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg benznidazole. Serial blood, heart, colon and brain samples were collected up to 12 h after benznidazole administration. The serum and tissues samples were analyzed using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography instrument coupled to a diode array detector. The chronic infection by T. cruzi increased the following pharmacokinetic parameter values Ka (3.92 vs 1.82 h−1), Vd/F (0.089 vs 0.036 L) and CL/F (0.030 vs 0.011 liters/h), and reduced the values of Tmax (0.67 vs 1.17 h) and t 1/2a (0.18 vs 0.38 h). The tissue exposure (AUC0-t,tissue) was longer and higher in the chronic infected mice in colon (8.15 vs 21.21 μg h/g) and heart (5.72 vs 13.58 μg h/g). The chronic infection also increased 1.6; 3.25 and 3 times of the benznidazole tissue penetration ratio (AUC0-t, tissue/AUC0-t, serum) of brain, colon and heart, respectively. The experimental chronic Chagas disease inflammation-mediated changes in the regulation of membrane transporters, probably influence the benznidazole pharmacokinetics and extent benznidazole exposure in the tissues. These results advise for potential alterations in benznidazole pharmacokinetics in chronic Chagas disease patients with possibilities of changes in the standard dosing regimen.
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