We report hierarchical‐ordered ZIF−L(Zn)@Ti3C2Tx MXene core–sheath fibers, in which a ZIF−L(Zn) nanowall array sheath is grown vertically on an anisotropic Ti3C2Tx core by Ti−O−Zn/Ti−F−Zn chemical bonds. Through highly efficient microfluidic assembly and microchannel reactions, ZIF−L(Zn)@Ti3C2Tx exhibits well‐developed micro‐/mesoporosity, ordered ionic pathways, fast interfacial electron conduction and large‐scale fabrication, significantly boosting charges dynamic transport and intercalation. The resultant ZIF−L(Zn)@Ti3C2Tx fiber presents large capacitance (1700 F cm−3) and outstanding rate performance in a 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Additionally, ZIF−L(Zn)@Ti3C2Tx fiber‐based solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitors deliver high energy density (19.0 mWh cm−3), excellent capacitance (854 F cm−3), large deformable/wearable capabilities and long‐time cyclic stability (20 000 cycles), which realize natural sunlight‐induced self‐powered applications to drive water level/earthquake alarm devices.
We report hierarchical-ordered ZIFÀ L(Zn)-@Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene core-sheath fibers, in which a ZIFÀ L(Zn) nanowall array sheath is grown vertically on an anisotropic Ti 3 C 2 T x core by TiÀ OÀ Zn/TiÀ FÀ Zn chemical bonds. Through highly efficient microfluidic assembly and microchannel reactions, ZIFÀ L(Zn)@Ti 3 C 2 T x exhibits well-developed micro-/mesoporosity, ordered ionic pathways, fast interfacial electron conduction and large-scale fabrication, significantly boosting charges dynamic transport and intercalation. The resultant ZIFÀ L(Zn)@Ti 3 C 2 T x fiber presents large capacitance (1700 F cm À 3 ) and outstanding rate performance in a 1 M H 2 SO 4 electrolyte. Additionally, ZIFÀ L-(Zn)@Ti 3 C 2 T x fiber-based solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors deliver high energy density (19.0 mWh cm À 3 ), excellent capacitance (854 F cm À 3 ), large deformable/wearable capabilities and long-time cyclic stability (20 000 cycles), which realize natural sunlight-induced self-powered applications to drive water level/earthquake alarm devices.
Advanced nanomaterials that own fundamentally value-added structure and functional properties with respect to specific components, uniform sizes, and well-defined morphologies have overwhelmingly become candidates in energy storage applications. Microfluidic technology has become a new platform to rapidly and efficiently synthesize advanced nanomaterials by precisely regulating the reaction parameters. This review summarizes the recent advances of microfluidic technology for the novel construction of sophisticated nanomaterials or nano/micro building blocks, one-dimensional mesofibers, and twodimensional macrofabrics by diverse fundamental principles, in which the homogeneous morphologies, adjustable architectures, and stimulated electrochemical nature are controllably realized. Moreover, the microfluidic-oriented high electrochemical performances and actually wearable applications by charge transfer, diffusion, storage, and separation are overviewed in terms of supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, lithium−sulfur batteries, lithium-metal batteries, sodium-ion batteries, metal−air batteries, and other energy storage cells. Finally, we emphasize the current challenges and future opportunities of microfluidic technology in next-generation energy storage devices.
The advanced design of heterostructured fibers with ordered
transport
channels and porous frameworks for high-speed ions/electrons kinetics
is principally fundamental for high-performance fiber-based supercapacitors
(FSCs). However, typically low energy-storage performances restrict
their substantive applications due to a fibrous restacking phenomenon
and poor interfacial charge transfer. Here, we develop an ordered
core–shell fiber, wherein the porous zeolitic imidazolate framework-67
(ZIF-67) polyhedron shell is uniformly loaded on a highly conductive
Ti3C2T
x
core via
a versatile microfluidic method. Due to the improved porous generation,
ordered porous pathways, large exposed surface, and in situ interfacial electron transfer, the ZIF-67@Ti3C2T
x
fiber displays excellent volumetric
capacitance (972 F cm–3) and long-term cycling stability
(90.8% capacitive retention after 20 000 cycles) in 1 M KOH
electrolytes. Meanwhile, the flexible solid-state ZIF-67@Ti3C2T
x
FSCs maintain a good
capacitance, large bending/wearable stabilities, and steady temperature-dependent
capability. Based on those significant electrochemical performances,
the supercapacitors can impressively power various electrical devices
[e.g., light-emitting diodes (LEDs), displays, electric fans, pinwheels,
and rolling bells], which will guide the practical progress of miniaturized
energy technologies and smart electronics.
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