This paper presents the study of an H-and dual C-shaped planar dipole antenna by adding and etching technique for the triple-band of drone operating frequencies. Tuning the frequency range was performed to cover the VOR standard of [108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118] MHz, and the DME standard of 962-1,231 MHz. The antenna structure was fabricated on a PCB of FR4 with a dielectric constant (ε r ) of 4.4 and thickness (h) of 1.6 mm (material with low cost, compact size, and easy to use). The reflection coefficient (S 11 ) results of the simulation and measurement were in good agreement, which demonstrated the bandwidth frequencies of resonance frequency at 112 MHz (106-118 MHz), 331.50 MHz (323-401 MHz), and 1,087.50 MHz (920-1,301 MHz). The antenna gains were 1.73, 3.43, and 6.31 dBi, respectively, and the antenna radiation pattern was omnidirectional when it was used with H-plane. It was found in experiment that the proposed antenna could be installed in a drone with sending and receiving signals fittingly as desired. Furthermore, the proposed antenna is lightweight at just 0.4 kg, less than the original drone antenna (1.8 kg), and it does not require changing the antenna in each frequency range.
This paper presents the microstrip antenna with triangular tuning stub which designed and simulated by using IE3D program. This antenna is designed for 50 Ohms impedance microstrip line for dual band frequency, 2.297-2.952 GHz and 5.138-6.051 GHz which supports WLAN communications coverage IEEE 802.11b/g (2.4-2.4835 GHz), IEEE 802.16a (5.15-5.35 GHz) and IEEE 802.16d (5.7-5.9 GHz). The bandwidth at lower resonance frequency of this antenna is 0.655 GHz, while upper resonance frequency is 0.913 GHz. The simulation results show that the lower and upper resonance frequencies are agreed with the measurement results.
Globalization has opened practically every country in the globe to tourism and commerce today. In every region, the volume of vehicles traveling through border crossings has increased significantly. Smartcards and radio frequency identification (RFID) have been proposed as a new method of identifying and authenticating passengers, products, and vehicles. However, the usage of smartcards and RFID tag cards for vehicular border crossings continues to suffer security and flexibility challenges. Providing a vehicle's driver a smartcard or RFID tag card may result in theft, loss, counterfeit, imitation, or vehicle transmutation. RFID sticker tags would replace RFID tags as vehicle border passes to solve the mentioned problem. The RFID sticker tag adheres to the windscreen, side screen, dash, hood, or door of the vehicle, or any other acceptable location. Any damage or stripping from the installed location may cause data corruption and cannot be reused. Overall, these sticker tags will make the border crossings more secure and efficient. This article focuses on designing a rectangular-shaped RFID sticker tag antenna made of graphene sheets as a possible solution for smart border crossings. The proposed antenna is mathematically designed and analyzed with CST software to determine the optimum parameters. The design parameters are then used to create an antenna on a prepared graphene sheet. The performance results are carried out with CST software and a network analyzer. The designed RFID antenna stick on a car windscreen offers approximately 900 MHz bandwidth over the frequency range from 1.8 GHz to 2.7 GHz with an average gain of 1.23 dBi at the frequency to be used of 2.4 GHz microwave RFID band. The radiation is an omnidirectional pattern. The proposed graphene-sheet rectangular-shape monopole antenna is compact, low-cost, and bendable to fit into the windscreen of a car while retaining excellent wave propagation capabilities. These findings illustrate the suggested antenna's potential as an RFID tag antenna in a vehicular smart border pass system.
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