It is important to calculate the age-adjusted prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis to address the overall magnitude of the problem in Thai women. This will allow us to predict the socioeconomic impact of preventable chronic conditions such as osteoporosis. The results obtained from this study are important data for public health policy: maximizing bone mass throughout life as well as detection of important risk factors is essential.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of vaginal CO2 laser for the treatment of vaginal atrophy compared to the sham procedure. Methods: Between June 2016 and May 2017, postmenopausal women with moderate to severe intensity of any vaginal atrophy symptoms (VAS) were invited to participate in the study. A total of 88 women were randomized to receive treatment with either vaginal CO2 laser or sham procedures every 4 weeks for three sessions. Both the participants and the evaluators were blinded to the treatment. Vaginal Health Index (VHI) score (primary outcome), VAS score, and the item for vaginal dryness from the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-Vaginal Symptoms questionnaire were compared between the two groups by intention-to-treat analysis at 12 weeks after treatment. Results: Eighty-eight women were enrolled into the study and nine women were lost to follow-up. After 12 weeks of laser treatment, the VHI, VAS, and International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-Vaginal Symptoms (item for vaginal dryness) scores were significantly improved. For VHI and VAS scores the mean difference between the laser group versus the sham group was 1.37 (95% CI: 0.12-2.63), P < 0.001 and −1.52 (95% CI: −2.21 to −0.82), P = 0.03, respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the application of microablative fractional CO2 laser was effective in treating vaginal atrophy. It could be a promising alternative treatment for postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy. Video Summary: http://links.lww.com/MENO/A582.

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The Thai version of the P-QOL questionnaire is a valid, reliable, and simple instrument to assess the symptoms' severity and the quality of life in Thai-speaking patients with pelvic organ prolapse.

Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) among Thai pregnant women. Patients and Methods: One hundred and ten Thai pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic of a tertiary care hospital were recruited. They were classified as "aware" if they could recognize PFMT. Questionnaires regarding the participants' attitudes and practice toward PFMT were subsequently collected from "aware" group. Results: The mean ±SD of age and gestational age were 30.5 ±5.4 years and 20.8 ±10.8 weeks, respectively. Sixty-one participants (55.5%) recognized PFMT, but only seventeen (27.9%) correctly answered all of the questions, which is classified as perceptive. There was no association between their educational level and PFMT knowledge (p = 0.63). Most of them (98.4%) understood that PFMT can be performed during pregnancy and believed that PFMT did not affect the pregnancy outcomes. However, only 10.7% of the aware women performed PFMT irregularly during pregnancy. Conclusion: Half of the pregnant women in this study were aware of PFMT. The majority of women felt that PFMT had positive effects on their health, emotions, sex, and quality of life. Education concerning PFMT and motivation to maintain the adherence of practicing the exercises are required.