Objective-To describe the long term eYcacy and side eVects of the treatment of hemifacial spasm with Dysport and to evaluate two diVerent sites of injection to hopefully reduce side eVects. Methods-This study was designed as a prospective descriptive study. Injections were made subcutaneously around the eye. Peak improvement was subjectively assessed by using a visual analogue scale and reported in percentages (0-100%). Duration of improvement was assessed subjectively and reported in months. Results-Of 175 cases, 17 were lost to follow up and were excluded. 855 treatments were injected in the remaining 158 patients with a median of 4 treatments. The response rate was 97%. Of 855 treatments, the adjusted mean peak and duration of improvement was 77.2 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 74.7-79.4)% and 3.4 (95%CI 3.2-3.6) months respectively. In 158 patients (complete group), the long term results from the first to the 12th treatment showed that the mean peak improvement ranged from 72.70 to 80.10% and the duration of improvement was 2.60 to 3.71 months. It remained constant throughout (p=0.40, p=0.87 respectively). The most common side eVect was ptosis. Of the 158 patients, 21 completed 12 treatments (subgroup). A separate analysis of this group disclosed a mean peak and duration of improvement from the first to 12th treatments ranging from 70.00 to 78.10% and 2.65 to 4.31 months respectively. Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed no significant variation of peak and duration of improvement over the first to the 12th treatments (p=0.38, p=0.38 respectively). Only 3% of the treatments were unsuccessful but responded to subsequent treatments. The incidence of ptosis was reduced from 27.17% to 9.68% by moving the injection site to the lateral part of orbital orbicularis oculi without any loss of eYcacy. The yearly cost of Dysport is considerably less than Botox. Conclusion-This study is the first to show, in detail, the long term results of treatments of hemifacial spasm with Dysport. The eYcacy is constant throughout the first to 12th treatments in both the complete group and subgroup. Ptosis can be reduced by moving the injection site further up to the lateral part of the orbital orbicularis oculi. The eYcacy of Dysport is comparable with Botox ® in long term follow up. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:751-757)
Ocular angiostrongyliasis, diagnosed by identification of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in any part of the eye, is a very rare manifestation. We report seven cases of intraocular angiostrongyliasis in Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. From a total of 654 cases of angiostrongyliasis diagnosed between January 1995 and April 2005, 7 cases (1.1%) with ocular manifestations were found. Four men and three women were diagnosed, with a mean age of 32.1 years (range 21-46 years). All of the patients lived in the northeast of Thailand and acquired the infection by eating raw Pila spp. snails, the intermediate host of A. cantonensis. The incubation period lasted from 2 weeks to 2 months. The most common symptom, blurred vision without eosinophilic meningitis, occurred as a presenting symptom in five cases. The other two cases presented with eosinophilic meningitis prior to development of poor visual acuity. Both cases had papilloedema, neck stiffness and eosinophilia without fever. The visual acuity of the patient was mostly lower than 2/60 and, evidently, visual impairment in all patients was caused by retinal pigment epithelial defects. All cases had only one immature A. cantonensis worm in the eye, with the most common site being the intravitreous area. Several treatments, including oral prednisolone, topical prednisolone, argon laser, diode laser, Nd:YAG laser, surgical removal of the parasite and combination therapy, were used. There is no evidence that surgical and laser interventions improve the course of the disease, and both have associated risks. Visual outcome depends on the initial visual defects.
The screening for HLA-B*1502 allele before giving carbamazepine is cost effective. The results of the present study may also apply to other populations if the HLA-B*1502 frequency is high enough.
Abstract. Angiostrongylus cantonensis is mainly caused eosinophilic meningitis in humans, whereas a minority of patients develop encephalitic angiostrongyliasis (EA). EA is an extremely fatal condition, and the clinical factors predictive of EA have never been reported. A comparison study was conducted in a hospital situated in an endemic area of Thailand. We enrolled 14 and 80 angiostrongyliasis patients who developed encephalitis and meningitis, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the clinical variables predictive of encephalitis. Age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.42), duration of headache (adjusted OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.03-1.55), and fever > 38.0°C (adjusted OR, 37.05; 95% CI, 1.59-862.35) were identified as statistically significant factors for EA prediction. Elderly patients with angiostrongyliasis experiencing fever and prolonged headaches were at the highest risk of developing EA.
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