This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing concentrations of crude glycerin (CGLY) in diets on nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation characteristics, and nitrogen utilization of goats. Four male crossbred (Thai Native×Anglo Nubian) goats, with an average initial weight of 26±3.0 kg, were randomly assigned according to a 4×4 Latin square design with four 21 days consecutive periods. Treatments diets contained 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% of dietary DM of CGLY. Based on this experiment, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among treatment groups regarding DM intake and digestion coefficients of nutrients (DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, and ADF). Likewise, mean serum glucose, BHBA, and PCV concentrations were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatments, whereas serum insulin concentration linearly increased (L, p = 0.002) with increasing the amount of CGLY supplementation. Ruminal pH, NH3-N, and BUN concentration were unchanged by dietary treatments, except for 20% of CGLY, NH3-N, and BUN were lower (p<0.05) than for the diets 10% of CGLY, while the difference between the diets 0%, 5%, and 20% of CGLY were not significant. The amount of N absorption and retention were similar among treatments. Based on this study, CGLY levels up to 20% in total mixed ration could be efficiently utilized for goats and this study elucidates a good approach to exploiting the use of biodiesel production for goat production.

No abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of crude glycerin on slaughter weight and carcass characteristics of broilers. Total of 180 male Ross-308 day old chicks were allocated to 3 treatments with 4 replicates in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were: diet without crude glycerin inclusion (T1), diet with 5% crude glycerin inclusion from waste vegetable oil (T2), and diet with 5% crude glycerin inclusion from palm oil (T3). On day 42, twenty chickens per treatment were randomly sampled and slaughtered to determine the carcass characteristics. From the study, both crude glycerins did not give any effect on the slaughter weight and carcass characteristics, but broilers received crude glycerin had higher abdominal fat (p < 0.001) than control. Drip loss, cooking loss, pH, and meat color were not influenced by both types of crude glycerin, however, the skin color was significantly affected by palm oil crude glycerin inclusion (p < 0.05). Furthermore, meat from broilers with crude glycerin had higher lipid oxidation than control (p < 0.001). In conclusion, crude glycerins could be added in broiler's diet, however its effect on increasing fat and lipid oxidation must be taken into concern.

No abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with coated granules (CG) on performance, in vitro digestibility and the gastrointestinal functionality in laying hens. A total of 40 Hisex Brown laying hens (36 weeks of age) were randomly divided into five equal groups; one served as a control and the other four were actual experimental groups supplemented with 0.75, 1.5, 3 or 6 g CG per day. All the hens were fed restrictively with target feed intake of 100 g basal diet/hen per day. There were no differences in egg production or egg weight among the groups, but feed conversion ratio was significantly improved (linearly, p < 0.05) with the dose level of CG in diet. Dietary CG increased the jejunal weight (linear and quadratic terms, p < 0.05) but decreased the ileal weight (linearly, p < 0.05). There was mostly statistical interaction between dietary CG and specific activity of intestinal digestive enzymes with similar patterns for dietary CG treatments (p < 0.05). A positive linear correlation was observed with in vitro protein digestibility by using the crude enzyme extract from dietary CG supplementation. Dietary CG decreased the caecal Escherichia coli population while the Lactobacillus spp.: E. coli ratio increased (quadratic fit, p < 0.05). CG supplementation, on the other hand, significantly altered intestinal morphology by increasing the height of duodenal and ileal villi (linearly, p < 0.05). Also, duodenal antioxidant capacity observed via remaining reducing power improved linearly (p < 0.05). This suggests that CG, unlike garlic oils without encapsulation, may be a good candidate for feed supplementation in commercial egg production. It could be included up to 6 g CG per day without any adverse effects on performance, which may relate to improving nutrient digestibility and better utilization of limited feed intake when using a low amount of diet or other observations in this study.

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of crude glycerin inclusion in the diets of Betong chicken on the characteristics of their carcasses, internal organs, meat quality, lipid oxidation, and fatty acid profiles. One hundred 1-day-old chicks were raised for 8 weeks. Subsequently, the birds were sexed based on their morphological features, and weighed. Forty-eight male chickens, with comparable body weights, were randomly allotted to receive any of the three experimental diets, containing 0, 50 or 100 g crude glycerin/kg feed, on an as fed basis until they were 20 weeks old. A total of 24 chickens were slaughtered and their carcass characteristics and meat quality were studied. Results showed that carcass characteristics and internal organ parameters were not affected by crude glycerin supplementation (P>0.05). After chilling for 24 h, pH of the meat decreased in all groups (P>0.05), while shear force and cooking loss were not affected (P>0.05). Furthermore, crude glycerin did not affect the parameters such as crude protein, ether extract, ash, moisture and proportions of different fatty acid contents of meat of the Betong chicken (P>0.05). However, breast meat color and lipid oxidation were influenced by crude glycerin in diet (P<0.05). These results suggest that crude glycerin can be used at concentrations up to 10% in Betong chicken diet from 8 to 20 weeks of age. Nevertheless, its effect on breast meat color and lipid oxidation need to be considered.

ABSTRACT.A study was conducted to determine the dry matter digestibility, gross energy (GE), the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), and the nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) of two crude glycerine from two different sources. The first crude glycerine (CG1) was from a large scale biodiesel producer with high content of glycerol (89.49%) and low content of crude fat (1.73%), meanwhile the second crude glycerine (CG2) was from a medium scale biodiesel producer with lower content of glycerol than CG1 (38.36%) and high content of crude fat (23.63%). Fed rooster assay based on Sibbald (1976) was used in the experiment. The experimental feed consisted of ground corn and three levels of crude glycerine (0, 10, and 20%). Twenty four Hisex brown roosters were housed in metabolic cages. Roosters were force fed with 30 g experimental feed, after 24 hours of fasting. Excreta collection was performed for two days while the roosters were fasting again. The content values of GE, AMEn, and TMEn of CG1 were 4065.18, 2926.59, and 3068.73 kcal kg -1 and for CG2 were 5928.09, 4010.11, and 4054.52 kcal kg, respectively.Keyword: large scale biodiesel producer, medium scale biodiesel producer, Sibbald method.Digestibilidade da matéria seca e energia metabolizável da glicerina bruta originada a partir de óleo de palma usando ensaio de alimentação forçada com galos RESUMO. O presente estudo foi realizado para determinar a digestibilidade da matéria seca, energia bruta (EB), energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn) e energia metabolizável verdadeira corrigida pelo balanço de nitrogênio (EMVn) de glicerinas brutas de duas diferentes fontes. A primeira glicerina bruta (GB1) foi obtida de um produtor de biodiesel de grande escala contendo alto teor de glicerol (89,49%) e baixo teor de gordura bruta (1,73%), enquanto a segunda glicerina bruta (GB2) era de um produtor de biodiesel de média escala com menor conteúdo de glicerol do que GB1 (38,36%) e alto teor de gordura bruta (23,63%). O ensaio de alimentação forçada com galos baseado em Sibbald (1976) foi utilizado no experimento. A ração experimental foi composta de milho moído e três níveis de glicerina bruta (0, 10 e 20%). Vinte e quatro galos Hisex brown foram alojados em gaiolas metabólicas. Os galos foram alimentados a força com 30 g da ração experimental após jejum de 24 horas. A coleta de excretas foi realizada durante dois dias enquanto os galos permaneceram novamente em jejum. Palavras chave: produtor de biodiesel de grande escala, produtor de biodiesel de média escala, método Sibbald.