CdS films were deposited on glass substrates using two kinds of YAG lasers: one with a long pulse width of τ=100 µs and one with a short pulse width of τ=15 ns. Scanning electron microscopy observation and X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the film formed by the long pulse laser with a low energy density has a smooth surface and highly oriented texture. Resistivity is distributed in a wide range: 100-2000 Ω·cm and 10-100 Ω·cm for the films formed by long and short pulse lasers, respectively. Measurement of optical transmission spectra suggests the existence of an impurity level in the low resistivity film. Streak image of the plume obtained using an image converter camera showed that the average velocity of ablated luminous particles is about 5×104 cm/s for long pulse laser ablation and (3-9)×105 cm/s for the short one.
A new method to prepare p-type CdS thin film was investigated, in which the laser ablation was applied to a mixed target of CdS and Cu. The p-type CdS film was obtained from a target containing more than 5 at% Cu. Composition analysis showed that Cu content in the film was about one-fifth of that in target. The formation of p-type CdS film was also confirmed by the photovoltaic effect of the p-n junction which was constructed by laminating n-type CdS film and p-type CdS film.
A columnar grain structure different from the conventional one has been found experimentally in Fe film evaporated at oblique incidence from two vapor sources positioned opposite one another. The direction of the columnar grain in the film is perpendicular to the substrate, and the column aggregates to form a row perpendicular to the plane of incidence. This formation has been discussed satisfactorily by simulation of the crystallite growth, and the grain structure has been confirmed by three-dimensional analysis of the magnetic anisotropy. Furthermore it is emphasized here that this structure brings out a larger magnetic anisotropy in the film plane than that of conventional film evaporated at oblique incidence.
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