The coat protein complex II (COPII) is essential for the secretion of large cargo, such as procollagen I (PC1), but evidence that COPII vesicles act as PC1 transport carriers from the ER was lacking. Using high-resolution microscopy and in vitro reconstituted vesicle budding assays, Gorur et al. show that COPII vesicles carry PC1.
A substrain of the senescence-accelerated mouse, SAMP6 (senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6), spontaneously develops osteoporosis early in life. Therefore, this strain is a useful animal model for developing new strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis in humans. We succeeded in treating osteoporosis in SAMP6 mice after the onset of this disease, using a newly developed method of bone marrow transplantation (BMT): Allogeneic bone marrow cells obtained from normal mouse strains were directly injected into the bone marrow cavity of irradiated SAMP6 mice (intrabone marrow BMT [IBM-BMT]). After the treatment with IBM-BMT, hematolymphoid cells were completely reconstituted by donor-derived cells, and bone marrow stromal cells were also found to be of donor origin. The treated SAMP6 mice showed histologically-normal trabecular bone. In addition, bone mineral density and urinary deoxypiridinoline, a hallmark of bone destruction, were normalized. When the message levels of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor ␣, interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-11, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand [RANKL]) were examined, IL-11, RANKL (from bone marrow stromal cells), and IL-6 (from osteoclasts), which regulate bone remodeling, were restored to levels similar to those in normal B6 mice. These findings indicate that not only the hemopoietic system but also the bone marrow microenvironment were normalized after IBM-BMT, resulting in an amelioration of the imbalance between bone absorption and formation. STEM CELLS 2006; 24:399 -405
Lip reading: The biosynthetic gene cluster for A‐90289, a fatty acid nucleoside antibiotic, was cloned and sequenced. The sulfotransferase LipB is demonstrated to be essential for A‐90289 biosynthesis, and in vitro characterization revealed LipB utilizes p‐nitrophenylsulfate as an aryl sulfate donor and a variety of nonaryl acceptors including caprazamycin A to give the 2′‐O‐sulfated product, A‐90289A.
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