In addition to fiber, Corchorus (jute) leaf is also rich in secondary metabolites and is used in folk medicine in jute-producing communities. It has been reported that jute halts progression of and helps manage different chronic diseases like tumors, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Various phytochemical, mineral, and antioxidant potency properties of 30 genotypes belonging to Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus olitorius were evaluated in the current study. The results demonstrate that the range of total flavonoids and polyphenols was 3.04 to 13.66 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g and 5.12 to 7.78 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW, respectively. Total tannin and saponin content in both species was 13.08 to 26.95 mg tannic acid (TAE)/g and 34.45 to 114.59 mg tea saponin (TSE)/g DW, respectively, when analyzed for the first time. Moreover, this study sincerely establishes that jute leaf is a great source of mineral elements (magnesium, zinc, and selenium) and could also be a good energy source. The antioxidant properties of samples were examined with three unique strategies, including DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS values of leaf extract ranging from 206.42 to 351.77 μg/ml (IC50), 16.69 to 94.69 mmol Fe (II)/g DW, and 50.27 to 149.90 mmol trolox equivalent (TE)/g DW, respectively. A principle component analysis (PCA) explained 58.52% of the variance, while a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was performed to construct five distinct groups based on their secondary compound metabolites content and antioxidant activities. Therefore, this study facilitates selection of the high genotypes that might be used as new materials for developing industrial and medicinal uses in addition to sorting genotypes for future genetic engineering purposes in order to enhance a particular bioactive compound and its natural antioxidants that are beneficial for human health.
Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a valuable plant with a potential health benefit because of its extensive bioactive compounds. Leaf extracts of 33 kenaf genotypes were investigated for their polysaccharide, total phenolic, and flavonoid content. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays. Antimicrobial capacity was also assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using a disc diffusion assay. The polysaccharide content varied from 6.45–16.12 mg glucose per g DW. Total phenolic and flavonoid content ranged from 6.03–21.15 mg GAE/g DW and 1.55–9.24 mg RE/g DW, respectively. Similarly, varied values in the range 20.55–79.99% of inhibition by DPPH, 56.28–88.30% of inhibition by ABTS and 1.26–5.08 mmol Fe2+/g DW by FRAP assays were obtained for antioxidants of the genotype extracts. Extracts from CS4 and CS2 genotypes had the highest antioxidant activities. Kenaf leaves exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Strong correlation was found between antioxidant activity with polysaccharide (DPPH, r = 0.893; ABTS, r = 0.819; FRAP, r = 0.864) and total phenolic content (DPPH, r = 0.850; ABTS, r = 0.959; FRAP, r = 0.953). The results suggested that the kenaf leaves could be used as a natural antioxidants and antimicrobial in food industries.
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