Marine fishing occurs along the coast and oceanic islands within the Exclusive Economic Zone of Brazil and is practiced mainly in an industrial fashion in the southern and southeastern regions of the country as well as in an artisanal fashion in the northern and northeastern regions. Artisanal marine fishing is practiced by fishermen who use sailing rafts or mid-size motorboats in daily fishing activities or activities that surpass 20 days at sea. To face the ocean and extract sustenance and income, the majority of artisanal fishermen do not have advanced fishing technologies, but rather empirical knowledge passed from one generation to another, which has allowed fishermen to maintain their activities for hundreds of years. The shared knowledge with regard to fishing and gear as well as fishing territories and the discovery of new territories allows artisanal fishermen to maintain catches while resources have become scarce. However, different factors in urban areas have been contributing to changes in artisanal marine fishing, such as the facility to education and jobs in other sectors of the economy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the experiences of artisanal fishermen in traditional communities of northeastern Brazil in the occurrence of urbanization. Traditionally in artisanal fishing, the transmission of knowledge occurs in the family, generally from father to son. However, this traditional transmission of knowledge is being lost in urban fishing communities. The urban environment facilitates access to formal education and provides opportunities for both formal and informal jobs, leading to income in more attractive sectors to the sons of fishermen than the activity of fishing. This is caused by changes in schooling and has triggered the avoidance of youths with regard to fishing activities. Moreover, urban pressures, such as the loss of areas of embarkation and landing, further hinder the maintenance of fishing in such areas. Thus, issues related to urbanization have been changing the structure of fishing communi
Gathering bivalve molluscs is an important part of extractive fishing activities in the northeastern region of Brazil and is performed mainly by women. This study addresses the invisibility of the activity despite the labor effort and income generation these women represent. Depending on the community, these fisherwomen either practice all steps of the activity or only some processes, such as preparing and selling the product, but are always involved in some part of the productive process. Despite participating in the generation of income, the work of these mollusc gatherers is considered invisible, without prestige and given little or no value when compared to other fishing activities, especially those exercised by men. Mollusc gathering may seem to be a non-complex practice, but requires a variety of traditional knowledge that is passed from one generation to the next. Such knowledge reflects the intimate understanding these workers have of productive processes and the environmental dynamics of coastal artisanal fishing. In the majority of traditional communities, the difficulties lead to the discouragement of this activity as work for future generations. Thus, there is a need for the recognition of the spaces of female mollusc gatherers, considering the relations between the need for economic production and social reproduction with the egalitarian representation of these workers in the entities of social representation of the class of fishers.
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of organic fertilizer on the availability of natural food (plankton and benthos) and water quality. Two fertilization protocols were adopted using inorganic and organic fertilizers with shrimp (stocked treatment) and their controls (unstocked treatment). Experimental units consisted of 12 circular fiberglass tanks (500 l) with estuarine sediment, individual aeration and no water exchange. In stocked treatments were used 40 juveniles/m 2 , and they were fed with 35% crude protein marine shrimp ration, three times a day. Under the organic fertilization protocol, the plankton showed higher abundance of Nitzschia and rotifers, the phytobenthos consisted mainly of Nitzschia, Amphiprora and Oscillatoria, the epibenthos was represented mainly by nematodes and rotifers, and the macro-invertebrates were mainly oligochaetes. In relation to inorganic fertilization, the plankton was represented mainly by Coscinodiscus and rotifers, the phytobenthos consisted mainly of Amphiprora and Oscillatoria, the epibenthos was represented mainly by nematodes and rotifers, and the macro-invertebrates were mainly oligochaetes. Dissolved oxygen was higher for organic fertilizer (6.16 ± 0.98 mg/l) than for inorganic (5.92 ± 1.19 mg/l) while the other water quality parameters did not present significant differences. Survival was similar in the two fertilization regimes (96.6%). Final body weight was 11.89 ± 1.73 g for the inorganic fertilizers and 12.28 ± 1.71 g for organic fertilizer. It is concluded that wheat bran showed good performance in the water quality without exchange, in the availability of natural food, and in the growth and survival of the shrimps in the microcosms.
As spatiotemporal variations in estuaries affect the population structure of species, the study aimed to analyze the distribution of species of the family Gobiidae in the Capibaribe River's estuary city of Recife (northeastern Brazil). Sampling was performed bimonthly from February 2009 to December 2012 at two sampling stations. The weight-length relationship of the species was determined using potential regression analysis. Density and biomass values were determined for each species per sampling station and season. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare spatial and seasonal differences in abundance. A non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination was used to assess changes in species composition. Seven hundred eighty-eight individuals were caught. The most representative species of Gobiidae was Ctenogobius boleosoma, followed by Evorthodus lyricus and Gobionellus oceanicus. The relationship between total weight (TW) and standard length (SL) was potential and significant for both C. boleosoma (TW = 0.04SL 2.1815) and E. lyricus (TW = 0.0272SL 2.795), and both exhibited negative allometric growth. The analysis of the main species' spatial variation demonstrated a significant difference in the number of individuals for C. boleosoma (U = 528; p = 0.000005) and E. lyricus (U = 312; p = 0.000000). No significant difference in abundance was found between the dry and rainy season for either C. boleosoma (U = 1052.2; p = 0.4659) or E. lyricus (U = 1054; p = 0.4726). The two most abundant species have similar habits and customarily inhabit stressful environments. Ctenogobius boleosoma and E. lyricus are residents of the Capibaribe River's estuary, and both move to regions near the outfall of the river in the rainy season.
A Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR) é caracterizada por um grande adensamento populacional, sendo que o saneamento é um dos grandes desafios da região, pois o lançamento de esgotos domésticos, sem o adequado tratamento, provoca impacto na saúde da população. Diante disto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a coleta e tratamento de esgoto das grandes cidades da RMR do Recife, no ano de 2018. Os dados utilizados foram provenientes do censo 2010 do IBGE e do SNIS, referente ao ano de 2018. Todos os municípios de grande porte da RMR são atendidos com esgotamento sanitário pela Companhia Pernambucana de Saneamento (Compesa), no entanto os valores de coleta são baixos, considerando sua densidade populacional, demonstrando a precariedade de esgotamento sanitário na região e a vulnerabilidade da população quanto às enfermidades transmitidas por este vetor. Na RMR grande parte dos efluentes é lançada no Rio Capibaribe, sem o tratamento adequado, impactando na qualidade da água e Palavras-chave: Esgotamento sanitário. Adensamento populacional. Saúde pública.
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