No abstract

No abstract

Bagian pertama buku ini mengupas tentang masalah dalam pembelajaran khususnya pembelajaran sejarah. Bagian kedua mengupas tentang konsep pembelajaran sejarah. Bagian ketiga membicarakan tentang metode pembelajaran. Bagian keempat mengkaji tentang kreativitas. Bagian kelima mengkaji tentang berpikir kritis. Bagian keenam mengupas tentang pengaruh metode pembelajaran Group Investigation (GI) dan Teams Games Tournament (TGT) terhadap Berpikir Kritis dan Kreatif. Bagian ketujuh berisi tentang berpikir kritis dan kreatif dalam pembelajaran sejarah: sebuah refleksi. Bagian kedelapan berisi penutup.

Based on data from CNBC Indonesia (2019) the fashion industry has recently become a lucrative industry in Indonesia because it’s growth always increasing, opposite to that the product fashion made by SMEs in Indonesia is experiencing a trend of decreasing demand in its business, the number of competing products from developed countries whose prices are lower and more trendy in terms of function and appearance makes consumers prefer mass-produced products, one proof are the fashion center in the city of Bandung that been decreasing in demand for last three year, declining in public purchasing power is one of the causes of MSME products experiencing a decrease in demand, it is felt by most MSME entrepreneurs starting in 2016 until now. This is consistent with the results of research from BPS that at in year 2017 that 40% of the population is under pressure or crisis and ensures low purchasing power, innovation strategies, and product value are needed to be able to compete with cheap but high-quality products in the market in order to remain competitive in the market.

This research will investigate how bureaucratic reforms in the context of decentralization impact on state bureaucratic capacity in Indonesia. It argues that bureaucratic reforms in Indonesia has resultin a two-particular political outcomes. Firstly, to strengthen government political control over the bureaucracy by swinging back the decentralization approach toward a prefectoral system as a mean of changing the political arena in their favor, and, secondly, to gain popular support. In this way, bureaucracy reforms have indeed increased efficiency of the public sector, butat the same time decrease its autonomy. Democracy, decentralization, hybrid regime, partial bureaucracy reforms.