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Some cardiometabolic risk factors such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance are known to be associated with low gut microbiota richness. A link between gut microbiota richness and the diversity of consumed dietary fibers (DF) has also been reported. We introduced a larger diversity of consumed DF by using a daily consumed bread in subjects at cardiometabolic risk and assessed the impacts on the composition and functions of gut microbiota as well as on cardiometabolic profile. Thirty-nine subjects at cardiometabolic risk were included in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over, twice 8-week study, and consumed daily 150 g of standard bread or enriched with a 7-dietary fiber mixture (5.55 g and 16.05 g of fibers, respectively). Before and after intervention, stool samples were collected for gut microbiota analysis from species determination down to gene-level abundance using shotgun metagenomics, and cardiometabolic profile was assessed. Multi-fiber bread consumption significantly decreased Bacteroides vulgatus , whereas it increased Parabacteroides distasonis, Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans , an unclassified Acutalibacteraceae and an unclassified Eisenbergiella (q < 0.1). The fraction of gut microbiota carrying the gene coding for five families/subfamilies of glycoside hydrolases (CAZymes) were also increased and negatively correlated with peaks and total/incremental area under curve (tAUC/iAUC) of postprandial glycemia and insulinemia. Compared to control bread, multi-fiber bread decreased total cholesterol (−0.42 mM; q < 0.01), LDL cholesterol (−0.36 mM; q < 0.01), insulin (−2.77 mIU/l; q < 0.05), and HOMA (−0.78; q < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing the diversity of DF in a daily consumed product modifies gut microbiota composition and function and could be a relevant nutritional tool to improve cardiometabolic profile.
Introduction: Balneotherapy (BT) is the treatment of disease through the use of thermal spring water (TSW). It has been used for centuries and remains a popular form of treatment for dermatologic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD). Recent findings highlighted the role of the gut microbiota in AD and the possible crosstalk between gut and skin microbiomes in this pathology. Nevertheless, changes in the composition of the gut microbiota after balneotherapy remain to be elucidated. Methods: A total of 96 patients, with moderate to severe AD according to the SCORAD, were enrolled. Stool samples were collected prior and post a 3-week balneotherapy at the thermal care center of La Roche-Posay (France). Composition of the gut microbiota was assessed by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Results: Species associated with high gut microbiota richness tended to correlate negatively with disease severity (SCORAD) and positively with SCORAD reduction, while species associated with low richness displayed the opposite pattern. Relative abundance of 23 species was significantly altered during BT, these changes being significantly associated with SCORAD reduction during BT, suggesting that gut microbiota composition and AD progression were associated through the treatment. Microbial functions related to gut-brain axis such as GABA and tryptophan metabolism were also altered by the treatment. Long-standing AD patients exhibited a better gut microbial profile than recently diagnosed patients, with higher MSP richness and species associated with SCORAD reduction. Conclusion:In patients with AD, clinical disease parameters such as SCORAD or disease duration are intricately linked to the gut microbiota composition. SCORAD reduction occurring during BT was also associated with gut microbiota. The gut-brain-skin axis via neurotransmitter such as GABA should be further studied in diseases such as AD.
Background Diosmectite, a natural colloidal clay, has been used worldwide for a number of approved indications, including the treatment of chronic functional diarrhea. Here, we used high-resolution whole metagenome shotgun sequencing to assess the impact of a 5 weeks administration of diosmectite (3 g/sachet, 3 sachets/day) on the fecal microbiota of 35 adults with functional chronic diarrhea. Results Gut microbiota was not impacted by diosmectite administration. In particular, richness remained stable and no microbial species displayed a significant evolution. Segregating patients either by diosmectite response (non responder, early responder, late responder) or by nationality (Great-Britain or Netherlands) yielded the same results. Conclusion We concluded that no microbiota-related physiological alterations are expected upon long-term treatment with diosmectite. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03045926
Background: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) are the most common cause of neurocognitive impairment and social inadaptation, affecting 1 birth in 100. Despite the existence of precise diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis remains difficult, often confounded with other genetic syndromes or neurodevelopmental disorders. Since 2016, Reunion Island has been a pilot region for the identification, diagnosis, and care of FASD in France. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and the types of Copy Number Variations (CNV) in FASD patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 101 patients diagnosed with FASD in the Reference Center for developmental anomalies and in the FASD Diagnostic Center of the University Hospital was performed. Records of all patients were reviewed to obtain their medical history, family history, clinical phenotype, and investigations, including genetic testing (CGH- or SNP-array). Results: A rate of 20.8% (n = 21) of CNVs was found including 57% (12/21) of pathogenic variants and 29% (6/21) of variants of uncertain signification (VUS). Conclusion: A particularly high number of CNVs was found in children and adolescents with FASD. It reinforces the plea for a multidisciplinary approach for developmental disorders to explore both environmental factors, such as avoidable teratogens and intrinsic vulnerabilities, especially genetic determinants.
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