ABSTRACT‘Copper beaten’ skull refers to the prominent convolutional markings seen in multiple bones of the skull. Underlying cause is thought to be related to increased intracranial pressure resulting from such processes as craniosynostosis, obstructive hydrocephalus and/or intracranial masses. However, the copper beaten appearance of the skull has poor sensitivity in detecting increased intracranial pressure as such an appearance can also be seen in normal patients. In this article, we have reported a case of a 5 years old child with classical features of beaten silver skull.How to cite this article: Desai V, Priyadarshini SR, Sharma R. Copper Beaten Skull! Can It be a Usual Appearance? Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(1):47-49.

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Several challenges exist in case of wireless multimedia sensor networks. Out of those challenges, data redundancy is a major problem that is encountered in these networks. When any sort of event takes place in an area of interest, it is initially detected by the scalars. Subsequently, the concerned scalars communicate their reading to their respective cameras, within whose depth of fields the scalars lay. Then the cameras collaboratively decide which among them are to be activated. However, the problem is that when event takes place sensing of occurring event occurs within the event region as well as up to some extra area outside the exact event region. As a result, the cameras present outside the exact event area are activated unnecessarily due to the sensing of occurring event outside event region. Since sensing of event occurs up to certain extent outside event region, therefore the scalars which lay outside the exact event region as well as inside the sensing range of event sense the event. This is due to the coverage of sensing area of occurring event by the sensing range of some of the scalars. Due to the sensing of event by these scalars, the concerned camera sensors are activated unnecessarily. Hence, energy consumption as well as power consumption occurs unnecessarily. Our objective is to minimize this unnecessary energy and power consumption, which can be achieved by keeping the concerned cameras those are present outside the exact event region but inside sensing range of event in turned off condition.

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The major challenge in sensor networks is how to have a perfect coverage of the region to be monitored. This study reports a novel algorithm inspired by centralised cum sub-centralised scheme that works efficiently for handling multiple events that occur simultaneously, while reducing the number of unnecessarily activated cameras so as to cover the occurring event region effectively. When any event takes place, the sensing of event occurs up to certain extent outside the exact event boundary. Hence, the cameras present beyond the boundary of event are activated unnecessarily. Since the proposed methodology avoids undesirable activation of cameras, the additional energy and power expenditure due to those cameras as well as the redundant data transmission prevailing due to them are eliminated. Results obtained from experimental evaluation reveal that the proposed methodology significantly reduces the number of unnecessarily activated cameras while providing the adequate coverage of event region for multi-event occurrence. Further more, the reduced camera actuation with increased coverage ratio, minimised redundancy ratio, improved field of view utilisation, less energy as well as power expenditure required for camera activation obtained from the investigation justifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm as compared with two other approaches recently proposed in the literature.

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