The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) blended rainfall product (3B42-V6 data set) has been used for inter-comparison with observations from a high density rain-gauge network over the western state of Maharashtra, India. The state of Maharashtra was chosen for the inter-comparison exercise primarily because of its diverse rainfall regime. The rain distribution over Maharashtra, characterized by a pronounced longitudinal gradient is closely linked to the north-south oriented orography of the region known as the Western Ghats. The validation exercise was carried out for 7 monsoon seasons from June to September from 1998 to 2004 at various space and time scales. The results are consistent at daily, monthly and seasonal timescales. The comparisons among stations and over geographically similar climatic zones demonstrated that the performance of 3B42-V6 product varies over the di¤erent climatic regimes. In terms of spatial reproductivity, the existence of the westeast rainfall gradient along the west coast is captured by the satellite product, but the orographic e¤ect (rainfall maxima is over the Western Ghats as captured by the rain-gauge) is not reflected by 3B42-V6 product. The 3B42-V6 product shows rainfall maxima at the coast. The satellite estimates of rainfall amounts over the state were found to be most accurate over regions of moderate rainfall and mainly inaccurate in regions of sharp rainfall gradient. In terms of magnitude of the rainfall amounts, over the windward side of the Western Ghats the 3B42-V6 product was unable to resolve the heavy orographic rainfall amounts and over the leeward side the rainfall amounts in the immediate rain-shadow region were overestimated. One of the key results obtained from the daily rainfall intercomparison exercise is the ability of the 3B42-V6 estimates to detect the wet and dry phases of monsoon over most parts of the state (except the leeward side). Though the rainfall amounts estimated by the satellite product were sometimes under/over estimated, the timing of the rain events as estimated by the satellite product was generally coincident with the gauge observations over most of the regions except in the immediate rainshadow region of the state. The TRMM 3B42-V6 estimates therefore could have tremendous potential to be used for intraseasonal studies over most regions of the state.
We found an increased level of HsCRP in patients with chronic periodontitis which revealed the susceptibility of these patients to cardiac diseases like myocardial infarction and stroke. Hence present day focus in the line of management of cardiac patient has changed from the periodontal perspective.
izs{k.kkRed izek.kksa ls HkweaMy ij lrg rkiekuksa esa m".k izo`fRr dk irk pyrk gSA bl 'kks/k i= esa eqacbZ ds vf/kdre vkSj U;wure rkiekuksa dh izo`fRr;ksa dks Li"V fd;k x;k gSA blesa ,d n’kd ls ysdj izfrnu rd ds fofHkUu dkfyd ekiØeksa ij rkieku izo`fRr;ksa dh tk¡p dh xbZ gSA fo"ke ?kVukvksa ds ?kfVr gksus dh vko`fRr esa izo`fRr;ksa ds fy, ekSle ds leku xq.kksa ds rRoksa dh Hkh tk¡p dh xbZ gSA lkekU;r% eqacbZ esa rkieku dh c<+rh gqbZ izo`fRr ikbZ xbZ gS ftlesa U;wure rkiekuksa dh vis{kk vf/kdre rkieku vf/kd ik;k x;k gS rFkk ;g 95 izfr’kr dh fo’oLrrk Lrj ij lkaf[;dh; :i ls egRoiw.kZ gSA tk¡p dh varj&okf"kZd vkSj varjk ekSle ekuksa nksuksa ij ekWulwu iwoZ vkSj ekWulwu _rqvksa dh vis{kk 'khr _rq vkSj ekWulwuksRrj _rqvksa esa m".krk lfgr ekSleh fHkUurk Li"V :i ls vf/kd ns[kh xbZ gSA pje rkieku ds fo’ys"k.k esa ekSleh fHkUurk Hkh Li"Vr% ns[kh xbZ gSA xeZ fnuksa vkSj xeZ jkrksa esa ?kVukvksa dh vko`fRr 'khr_rq vkSj ekWulwuksRrj _rqvksa dh vis{kk ekWulwu iwoZ vkSj ekWulwu _rqvksa esa vf/kd Li"V :i ls ns[kh xbZ gSA lHkh _rqvksa esa nksuksa LVs’kuksa ij fnu vkSj jkr nksuksa ds le; ds rkiekuksa esa larqfyr m".k izo`fRr ikbZ xbZ gS gk¡ykfd ekWulwuksRrj _rq esa lkarkØqt esa ;g fHkUurk lkaf[;dh; :i ls ux.; ikbZ xbZ gSA Observational evidence points to a warming trend in surface temperatures over the globe. This paper focuses on the trends in Maximum and Minimum temperatures over Mumbai. The temperature trends were investigated at different temporal scales from decadal to daily. The seasonal series were also investigated for trends in frequency of occurrences of extreme events. In general an increasing trend is observed over Mumbai, with the increase in Maximum temperatures more than the Minimum temperatures and statistically significant at 95% confidence level. A seasonal distinction is evident with the warming more in the Winter and Post Monsoon seasons as compared to the Pre Monsoon and Monsoon seasons at both the inter-annual and intra-seasonal scales of investigation. The seasonal distinction was also evident in the extreme temperature analysis. The frequency of occurrences in the hot days and hot nights were more pronounced in the Pre Monsoon and Monsoon seasons as compared to the Winter and Post Monsoon seasons. Symmetric warming trend was observed for both the daytime and nighttime temperatures at both the stations in all the seasons though the variations at Santacruz are statistically insignificant in the Post-Monsoon season
Polar Science is gaining increased importance in Climate Change studies because of the profound influence Polar Climatology has on the Global Climate. Research shows that Antarctica seems to be warming around the edges and cooling at the center at the same time. East Antarctica is climatologically colder than west Antarctica because of its higher elevation. A short term characterization of wind and the temperature over Maitri is attempted in this paper. Maximum and Minimum temperatures showed a tendency to decrease with winter contributing the most to the change. The Wind Directions were predominantly South-South-Easterly in summer and autumn and South-Easterly in winter and spring, with katabatic winds showing the maximum frequency in autumn. The wind speeds were found to be most variable in winter. Greater contributions to the wind chill temperatures were found from the winds, with the tendency for change being more prominent in the transition seasons.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.