Retinal arterial macro-aneurysms are pathological dilatations of retinal arterial branches mostly found in posterior pole. Here we present a 51 years old female with a diagnosis of retinal artery macro-aneurysm in the superior temporal arcade associated with macular edema based on clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding. Patient was treated with intra-vitreal injection (1.25 mg in 0.05 ml) of anti-vascular endothelium growth factor (bevacizumab) which showed both improvement in visual acuity and resolution of macular edema. Intra-vitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) is safe and effective in treatment of macular edema associated with retinal arterial macro-aneurysms.
Subconjunctival dislocation of the intraocular lens secondary to trauma is an unusual and serious condition in the pseudophakic eye. Here, a case of 75 years old male who had traumatic superior subconjunctival dislocation of intraocular lens to his right eye with cow’s horn is reported. The patient was managed with surgical extraction of the lens and planned for secondary intraocular lens implantation. It is quite challenging to manage such a case. Despite, proper surgical management visual outcomes are always guarded in such patients with blunt trauma.
The Deccan trap basaltic lava flows host a plethora of secondary minerals, notably zeolites, quartz and calcite. These minerals occupy the vesicles and cavities that are formed during the solidification of the lava flows. Much attention has been given to beautifully developed zeolites of the Deccan traps and wellcrystallised quartz varieties such as rosy quartz and amethyst. However, a group of minerals consisting of cryptocrystalline and amorphous silica did not receive much attention despite their consistent occurrence in all parts of the Deccan large igneous province. The freshly exposed samples of the chalcedonic silica occurring in the vesicular basalt at the Laxminarayan Institute of Technology (LIT) hill, Nagpur University Campus, were studied, one of which was studied in detail using X-ray diffraction analysis, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy. The present study has demonstrated that the secondary silica occupying vesicles in the basaltic lava flows was length-fast chalcedony showing fibrous morphology overprinted by grainy morphology. It was concluded that the mother fluid was a hot (*100-300°C) aqueous solution, which was acidic in nature and high in sulphur, probably derived from the host Deccan trap basaltic magma itself.
Purtscher’s retinopathy is a rare haemorrhagic and vaso-occlusive vasculopathy following severe head trauma associated with sudden blindness. Here we report a case of 28 years old male presented to out-patient department with history of sudden and painless loss of vision in his right eye for two days. He gave history of head injury following bike accident. At the time of presentation his best corrected visual acuity was 1/60 in the right eye and 6/6 in the left eye. On examination, anterior segments of both eyes were normal. On fundus examination, right eye revealed retinal whitening in the peripapillary region (Purtscher’s flecken), an intraretinal hemorrhage and signs of macular edema whereas left eye was unremarkable. Findings were suggestive of right eye purtscher’s retinopathy. Optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescence angiography was done to support the diagnosis. Purtscher’s retinopathy should not be neglected because it is associated with different systemic disease. Its pathophysiology remains unclear and there is no definite treatment but meticulous management is urgent to prevent from severe complications.
Introduction: Abnormalities of any of the components of lacrimal function unit can lead to dysfunctional tear film and development of dry eye. Dry eye is a commonly encountered problem in general population. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based, case-control study was conducted at National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal from 1st August 2018 to 30th July 2019. A total of 279 participants: 93 cases of pterygium (Group A: case) and186 (Group B: control) normal individuals with no ocular surface disorder were enrolled. Objective analysis was done by Schirmer’s (SCH) without and with anesthesia and Tear Break up Time (TBUT). Dependent t test was used to analyze the data. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 47.82 ±11.09 years (range 26-71) with male being 48 (51.6%) in Group A and in Group B, 101 (54.3%) were male with mean age being 42.16 ±13.13 years (range 32-75). The mean SCH without and with anesthesia and TBUT values were 16.94±5.61mm, 13.81±5.06mm, 10.14± 4.06 sec in Group A whereas in Group B, 20.39 ±6.08mm, 16.74 ±5.25mm and 13.05 ±4.32 sec respectively which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Patients with pterygium had higher risk of having dry eye than normal individuals (Odd ratios: 2.69, 2.44 and 2.27 respectively). Conclusion: Pterygium is a common ocular surface disorder which could result in instability of tear film indices, dysfunctional tear film and thus dry eye.
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