Background: Anemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiency diseases observed globally affecting both developed and developing countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. Prevention and management of maternal anemia is crucial to prevent morbidity and mortality of the fetus.Methods: The patient history was taken in detail, including age weight and height. BMI was calculated for all the 296 patients who were booked for delivery in our hospital. On enrolment, blood was drawn from the patient for regular check including blood grouping, biochemical parameters including iron estimation, total iron binding capacity, complete blood picture including hemoglobin. Any cause for bleeding was evaluated.Results: 143 patients (48.3%) had a haemoglobin count of less than 10gm%. Most of the anemic patients had moderate anemia followed by women with mild anemia. The most common age group affected was 20-30 years, which was the predominant age group of pregnant patients who had come to our hospital. Most of the women had multi gravida, with 3 being the most common followed by 1 earlier pregnancy. In most of the cases, the interval between 2 consecutive pregnancies was 1 year or less.Conclusions: Anemia is directly proportional to parity, less spacing between pregnancies and related to lower educational status.

Introduction: Preeclampsia is one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal mortality, especially in developing countries. Its etiology is still a matter of conundrum, but no specific cause has been identified. Evidence suggests that preeclampsia may be caused by endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO), which is synthesized from L-arginine in endothelial cells by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), helps in vasodilation and helps in the adhesion of white blood cells and platelet aggregation. Alterations in the L-arginine-NO pathway are believed to be associated with the development of Preeclampsia. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the levels of nitric oxide and study the role of L-Arginine in decreasing the incidence of preeclampsia. Material and methods: This study was three year interventional cohort study conducted at Osmania Medical College, Dr. VRK Womens College and hospital, Shadan medical college, Hyderabad. The ages of the cases varied between 18-35 years. The cases were grouped into 3 categories. All women in the Group 3 were given L-Arginine sachets of 3 gm twice a day until delivery and the level nitric oxide was analyzed clinically and statistically in all women at the 1 st trimester of pregnancy (11-14 weeks) and between 17-22 weeks of pregnancy. Result: There is a 37.7% chance of women developing preeclampsia if supplemented with L-Arginine and this data when compared to those who did not received L-Arginine had an 89.6% risk for developing Preeclampsia which is higher than the former data. Hence it can be stated that the incidence of Preeclampsia can be lowered by 51.9% by supplementing L-Arginine to those who are prone to develop Preeclampsia even before the disease could manifest. Conclusion: This study shows that there was an increase in the blood levels of Nitric Oxide after L-Arginine was administered and the incidence of Preeclampsia was found to be lowered significantly in women who are prone to develop Preeclampsia.

Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease is one of the most common gynecological disorders of women. It is a clinical condition where in the endometrial, fallopian tubes and the adjacent pelvic structures are infected due to the ascending infection from the lower genital tract such as vagina and cervix through the uterine cavity leading to severe morbidity.Methods: 150 non-pregnant women who came in with clinical symptoms suggestive of Pelvic inflammatory disease and diagnosed as acute pelvic infection or PID were included in the study. Demographic details such as age, weight, height, parity, socio-economic status, education levels etc were noted.Results: 54% of them belonged to 26-30 years age group, followed by 19.3% of women between 20-25 years. 35.3% of the patients were illiterate followed by primary school education in 29.3%. 74% of the patients belonged to the lower class while 24.7% were from the middle class. Condoms were the most common contraceptive method used in 32% of the cases, while 27.3% of the patients used intrauterine devices.Conclusions: Proper education must be given regarding the hazards of early marriages lack of hygiene, and to abstain from multiple partners, to the women especially those from the lower socioeconomic strata.

would be reduced. Thus, the biophysical and the modified biophysical profile have been introduced. In the year 1980, Manning et al, first described the use of fetal monitoring by including 5 variables such as of breathing, fetal movement, fetal tone, amniotic fluid volume and non-stress test1. The last one involves two phase testing by ultrasound and external Doppler monitor. However, this was not only expensive but also time consuming, and causing inconvenience to the patients. This was overcome by the modified BPP, which observe the non stress test to be a short term marker and amniotic fluid index to be a ABSTRACT Background: Baby's well-being in utero is often done by using a cardiotocograph (CTG) machine, which assesses the baby's heart beat pattern as well as the mother's uterine contractions. However, lowered fetal movements sometimes may be fatal for the baby. Thus, the biophysical and the modified biophysical profile have been introduced. Methods: 242 patients with over 34 weeks of gestation and with one or more risk factors were included in the study. After taking the demographic details, the patients were subjected to detailed physical and clinical evaluation. Modified BPP was done on all the patients. Index of acute fetal hypoxia the NST was done along with the cardiotocograph (CTG). Amniotic fluid volume was calculated. Results: According to the fetal non-stress test, majority of the patients (70.7%) were reactive while 29.3% were nonreactive. Most of the patients had an amniotic fluid index in the normal range i.e. between 8 -<25, 18.6%) had an AFI value of <6 cm while 13.6% had between 6 -<8. Among the babies with reactive NST, non-reactive NST and AFI ≤5, the most common outcome was low birth weight. APGAR score <7 was observed in 11.1%, 13.1%, 20% among Reactive NST, Non-reactive NST and AFI ≤5 respectively. Conclusions: Present study shows that BPP and MBPP are both comparable to each other, therefore, MBPP, being an easier test can be substituted for BPP.