Objectives: This paper provides a discussion about the potential scope of applicability of Artificial Intelligence methods within the telehealth domain. These methods are focussed on clinical needs and provide some insight to current directions, based on reports of recent advances. Methods: Examples of telehealth innovations involving Artificial Intelligence to support or supplement remote health care delivery were identified from recent literature by the authors, on the basis of expert knowledge. Observations from the examples were synthesized to yield an overview of contemporary directions for the perceived role of Artificial Intelligence in telehealth. Results: Two major focus areas for related contemporary directions were established. These were first, quality improvement for existing clinical practice and service delivery, and second, the development and support of new models of care. Case studies from each focus area have been chosen for illustration purposes. Conclusion: Examples of the role of Artificial Intelligence in delivery of health care remotely include use of tele-assessment, tele-diagnosis, tele-interactions, and tele-monitoring. Further developments of underlying algorithms and validation of methods will be required for wider adoption. Certain key social and ethical considerations also need consideration more generally in the health system, as Artificial-Intelligence-enabled-telehealth becomes more commonplace.

We collected information about awareness and attitudes to telemedicine from 143 doctors at 14 different hospitals in India, and from 121 patients who had come to New Delhi for treatment from other parts of India. Most doctors felt that telemedicine was important and their opinions were similar in all age groups. Only three of the 14 hospitals had not implemented telemedicine. A total of 86 doctors had used telemedicine. One hundred of the 121 patients were not aware of telemedicine. However, when the concept was explained, most patients had a positive attitude towards telemedicine. The majority of patients who had previously used telemedicine (n = 7) found it satisfactory. It is important that proper hospital training programmes should be organized for all doctors, which will assist in future utilization of telemedicine. Further awareness programmes are also required for patients.

Objectives: To understand ethical issues within the telehealth domain, specifically how well established macro level telehealth guidelines map with micro level practitioner perspectives. Methods: We developed four overarching issues to use as a starting point for developing an ethical framework for telehealth. We then reviewed telemedicine ethics guidelines elaborated by the American Medical Association (AMA), the World Medical Association (WMA), and the telehealth component of the Health Professions council of South Africa (HPCSA). We then compared these guidelines with practitioner perspectives to identify the similarities and differences between them. Finally, we generated suggestions to bridge the gap between ethics guidelines and the micro level use of telehealth. Results: Clear differences emerged between the ethics guidelines and the practitioner perspectives. The main reason for the differences were the different contexts where telehealth was used, for example, variability in international practice and variations in the complexity of patient-provider interactions. Overall, published guidelines largely focus on macro level Keywords Ethics, telehealth, learning health system, informatics Yearb Med Inform 2020 http://dx.

Neurosurgery is both an art and a science. The art of neurosurgery can be learnt by working with a Senior Neurosurgeon, over a period of time. But the science of neurosurgery has to be learnt from intense reading of textbooks, journals and elucidation of difficult topics by a masterly teacher. Many of the concepts in neurosurgery and applied basic sciences can be better learnt with the help of a good teacher of neurosurgery. Much of the clinical acumen is gained at the bedside teaching by a good teacher. But unfortunately, the species of dedicated teachers of neurosurgery seems to be fast dwindling. So the technology can provide the gap of these problems. We can use the telemedicine technology and make a schedule teaching program from a good neurosurgical specialist.

Neurosurgery is both an art and a science. The art of neurosurgery can be learnt by working with a Senior Neurosurgeon, over a period of time. But the science of neurosurgery has to be learnt from intense reading of textbooks, journals and elucidation of difficult topics by a masterly teacher. Many of the concepts in neurosurgery and applied basic sciences can be better learnt with the help of a good teacher of neurosurgery. Much of the clinical acumen is gained at the bedside teaching by a good teacher. But unfortunately, the species of dedicated teachers of neurosurgery seems to be fast dwindling. So the technology can provide the gap of these problems. We can use the telemedicine technology and make a schedule teaching program from a good neurosurgical specialist.