Background: The demographical, clinico-radiological, and histopathological profiles of bronchial carcinoma are varied with environmental areas, race, and sex. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of bronchial carcinoma has been raised by nearly 200 percent in just three years. Aims: To explore socio-demographical, clinical, radiological, and histopathological patterns of bronchial carcinoma in Bangladesh. Methods and results: A total of 100 histopathologically diagnosed cases of bronchial carcinoma were enrolled in this cross-sectional descriptive study from 1/1/2021 to 31/12/2021. Socio-demographic patterns, smoking habits, history of COPD, clinical features, radiological findings, histopathological patterns of the tumor, and the performance status of participants were documented in our study. Most of the patients were in the fifth and sixth decade, 35% and 34% respectively. 80% of the patients were a smoker. Cough (87%), shortness of breath (61%), and chest pain (58%) were the presenting complaints. Mass lesions (83%) and collapse (8%) were the most common imaging findings. Adenocarcinoma (48%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (35%) were the common histological types. Logistic regression findings showed that males with COPD had a 1.681 times risk for the development of bronchial carcinoma. Conclusion: The clinico-histopathological profiles of bronchial carcinoma have been shifting, and adenocarcinoma becoming the predominant type in Bangladesh.
The causative agent of gastroenteritis is Shiga toxin, which belongs to a functionally and structurally associated protein family despite each individual having a unique amino acid sequence. After entering the ER lumen and relocating the toxic domain to the cytoplasm, they alter the large subunit of rRNA, preventing protein synthesis and ribosomal damage. Shiga-like toxin-1 (SLT-1) subunit B targets glycolipid receptor Gb3, which plays a significant role in cytotoxicity. Though the mutational effect on subunit B is important for cytotoxicity study, we lack better understanding. Our present study targets the mutational impact of glycine protein at their 62th amino acid sequence of subunit B. For example, how it can alter the receptor-binding capacity and virulence. We used in silico method with GROMACS software suite (version 5.2, 2020.1) on Google Colab for a 100ns (100,000ps) simulation period and UCSF Chimera software for visualizing mutant and wild-type structure similarities. Surprisingly, RMSD, RMSF, and Rg trajectories from the simulation analysis indicated a more stable and compact mutant structure than the wild type. Principle component analysis (PCA) and SASA were visualized for the entire 100ns, which pointed towards homogeneity between both structures and more solvent accessibility in the mutant structure. This mutation may elevate receptor-binding and virulence capacity. Moreover, this finding can offer a better insight for future vaccine production.
Background: Bronchial carcinoma has different demographical, clinico-radiological, and histopathological profiles depending on the environment, gender, and racial group. The purpose of this study was to explore the sociodemographical, clinical, radiological, and histopathological patterns of bronchial carcinoma in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the respiratory medicine department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). The study period was one year from January 2021 to December 2021. Our study documented socio-demographic patterns, smoking habits, history of COPD, clinical features, radiological findings, histopathological patterns of the tumor, and participants' performance status. Results: One hundred histopathologically confirmed patients with bronchial carcinoma were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was 59.57±10.41 years. The majority of the participants were in the 5th and 6th decade, 35% and 34% respectively. Smokers were 80% in our study. The presenting complaints were cough (87%), shortness of breath (61%), and chest pain (58%). Mass lesions (83%) followed by collapse (8%) were the most common imaging findings. Adenocarcinoma (48%) and squamous cell carcinoma (35%) were the predominant histological types. Conclusions: The histopathological profiles of bronchial carcinoma are changing and adenocarcinoma is becoming the predominant type in Bangladesh.
Miliary tuberculosis (MTB) is a rare and fatal infectious disease that occurs due to the lympho-hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. 1 According to the world health organization (WHO) 2021 reports, the incidence of tuberculosis in Bangladesh and Malaysia is around 221 and 97 per 100,000 people, respectively. It involves commonly the lung but may also affect other systems in the body. In all forms of tuberculosis cases, MTB occurs in 1%-2%, and in extrapulmonary tuberculosis, it is approximately 8%. 2 Clinical features of MTB are nonspecific, such as prolonged pyrexia, night sweats, weight loss, lassitude, anorexia, hepatomegaly, and abdominal pain. When the lungs are, an affected patient presents with cough, dyspnea, and chest pain. Occasionally, patients with miliary tuberculosis can present with "pyrexia of unknown origin" (PUO).Atypical clinical manifestation often delays the diagnosis and may cause a fatal outcome. Therefore, a high index of clinical suspicion is needed to diagnosing of MTB. Chest radiography plays a vital role in the initial detection and final diagnosis of MTB, but miliary mottling is seen in only 50% of cases of miliary tuberculosis. 3 Only one-third of MTB patients are sputum smear-positive. Histological demonstration of granulomatous inflammation in biopsy tissue (e.g., liver, lung, and bone marrow) is usually required to make a prompt diagnosis. 4 The molecular diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA by polymerase chain reaction is helpful, and it is rapid, sensitive, and specific. 5 MTB is more likely to see in an immune-compromised patient due to suppression of their cellular immunity and is rarely affected in an immune-competent patient.Herein, we reported a case of miliary tuberculosis in an immune-competent Bangladeshi man presented with pyrexia of unknown origin and hyponatremia.
This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the serum lipid profiles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and its correlation with the severity of COPD in the Department of Respiratory Medicine at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. A total of 100 spirometric-confirmed cases of COPD were included. Fasting blood samples for lipid profiles were collected. To identify the association between severity of COPD with lipid profiles Pearson’s correlation was used. Further multiple linear regression was done to identify the relation. The mean (standard deviation) age of the patients was 59.0 (10.7)years. The ratio of males and females was 19:1. The mean forced expiratory volume (liters) in 1 second (FEV1) was 55.1 (18.1). Most of the patients had stage II (48%) and stage III (36%) airflow obstruction. Plasma level of total cholesterol and triglyceride tend to increase, statistically non-significant, with stages of COPD. However, the association of plasma lipids becomes statistically significant with FEV1 when the effects of age, BMI, pack-year smoking, duration of illness are accounted in multiple linear regression analysis. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 2022;15(4):37-41
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