Lysosomal membrane permeabilization and subsequent cell death may prove useful in cancer treatment, provided that cancer cell lysosomes can be specifically targeted. Here, we identify acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) inhibition as a selective means to destabilize cancer cell lysosomes. Lysosome-destabilizing experimental anticancer agent siramesine inhibits ASM by interfering with the binding of ASM to its essential lysosomal cofactor, bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate. Like siramesine, several clinically relevant ASM inhibitors trigger cancer-specific lysosomal cell death, reduce tumor growth in vivo, and revert multidrug resistance. Their cancer selectivity is associated with transformation-associated reduction in ASM expression and subsequent failure to maintain sphingomyelin hydrolysis during drug exposure. Taken together, these data identify ASM as an attractive target for cancer therapy.

No abstract

Fretful novelty: We developed two novel doubly labelled fluorescent ceramide analogues that exhibit significant FRET and undergo hydrolysis by ceramidases. We present a fluorescent sphingolipid FRET probe that allows homogeneous ratiometric determination of enzyme activity in real-time.

The different mammalian sphingomyelinases are involved in cell regulation, apoptosis and inflammatory events. Recent reports suggest pharmacological potential especially for inhibitors of the acid sphingomyelinase. Phosphatidyl inositol-3,5bisphosphate (PtdIns3,5P(2)) is the most potent selective acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor known to date. In the present study, we synthesized analogues of PtdIns3,5P(2) for initial structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies. We identified an inhibitor that is easy to synthesize, that has superior chemical and biophysical properties when compared to PtdIns3,5P(2) and that should be stable against virtually all phospholipases. Last but not least, the new inhibitor partially protected cells from dexamethasone-induced cell death.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The cover picture shows a doubly labeled ceramide analogue developed by C. Arenz et al. (see the paper on ). Two fluorescent dyes (Nile Red and NBD) form an efficient FRET pair, which is destroyed upon cleavage of the ceramide by the acidic or neutral ceramidases. In contrast to simple quenched or turn‐on probes, the substrate design not only allows homogenous ceramidase assays (top left), but also ratio imaging (top right). The photobleaching experiment in HeLa cells shown at the bottom revealed almost complete FRET in a cellular environment. In this experimental setting, the FRET probe is trapped in the Golgi apparatus without cleavage by cellular ceramidases. In future experiments the probe might be used in quantitative in‐situ enzymatic assays in real‐time to elucidate the role of ceramidases in lipid signaling.