No abstract

Key Points• Polymorphisms in the MTX pathway genes substantially influence the kinetics and response to high-dose MTX therapy in childhood ALL.• Germline variants in SLCO1B1, thymidylate synthase, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase are significantly associated with kinetics, toxicity, and outcome.The pharmacogenetics of methotrexate (MTX) was investigated in a large cohort of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Four hundred ninety-nine children with ALL from the ALL-BFM (Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster) 2000 trial who received 1996 courses of MTX at 5 g/m 2 were genotyped for 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 5 candidate genes of the MTX/folate pathway. Patients' MTX pharmacokinetics, MTX toxicities, and outcomes were correlated with the genotypes. The interindividual variability in MTX kinetics had a substantial genetic component between 68% and 75%. The SLCO1B1 rs4149056 variant was significantly associated with MTX kinetics. In a multiple regression model, MTX area under the concentration time curve (AUC) 0-48h increased by 26% (P < .001) per SLCO1B1 rs4149056 C allele. MTX AUC 0-48h was a significant predictor of overall toxic adverse events during MTX courses (R 2 5 0.043; P < .001), whereas the thymidylate synthase rs34743033 tandem repeat polymorphism was predictive of stomatitis (R 2 5 0.018; P 5 .009), a frequent side effect of high-dose MTX. Multiple Cox regression analyses revealed an association of minimal residual disease (hazard ratio 7.3; P < .001) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase rs1801131 (hazard ratio 3.1; P 5 .015) with event-free survival in the ALL-BFM 2000 study population. Genetic variations substantially influence the kinetics and response to high-dose MTX therapy in childhood ALL. (Blood. 2013;121(26):5145-5153)