The aim of this study was to determine optimal cutoff scores for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) when used in evaluating cancer patients in acute care. A total of 689 cancer patients were assessed during their first days of in-patient treatment, using the structured clinical interview for DSM and the HADS. Statistical analysis was performed using ROC curves. A total of 222 patients (32%) had a mental disorder. The area under the curve was the best in the total scale of the HADS, namely 0.73. With a score of X13, it is possible to detect 76% of the cases with a specificity of .60, whereas 95% of the cases can be detected with a score of X6 (specificity 0.21). With scores of X16 and X22, recommended by the test authors for primary care, only 59 and 30% of the comorbid cancer patients are indicated. Lower HADS cutoff scores when preferable when evaluating cancer patients than are recommended for use in primary care. When using HADS in clinical practice and epidemiological studies, it is important to decide whether, for the task at hand, high detection rates of affected patients or low misclassification rates are more important.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and influencing factors of fatigue in cancer survivors. Patients and Methods: 646 cancer survivors completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), in addition to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Quality Of Life questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30), the subscale ‘social support’ of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale (FACT), the Perceived Adjustment to Chronic Illness Scale (PACIS), and a questionnaire containing items on demographic and clinical data. Results: 36% of cancer survivors suffer from moderate, 12% from severe fatigue. Fatigue was significantly associated with depression, anxiety, sleep difficulties, adjustment to the illness, pain, dyspnoea, age, lacking social support, and sex. Other socio-demographic, cancer-related, and treatment-related factors had no influence on fatigue. Conclusion: Fatigue in cancer survivors is strongly linked to physical and psychological aspects.

Background: Psychological problems are common in cancer patients. For the purpose of planning psycho-oncological interventions and services tailored to the specific needs of different cancer patient populations, it is necessary to know to what extent psychological problems meet the criteria of mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to estimate the 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of mental disorders in cancer patients. Methods: A representative sample of patients with different tumour entities and tumour stages (n = 2,141) in outpatient, inpatient and rehabilitation settings underwent the standardized computer-assisted Composite International Diagnostic Interview for mental disorders adapted for cancer patients (CIDI-O). Results: The overall 12-month prevalence for any mental disorder was 39.4% (95% CI: 37.3-41.5), that for anxiety disorders was 15.8% (95% CI: 14.4-17.4), 12.5% (95% CI: 11.3-14.0) for mood disorders, 9.5% (95% CI: 8.3-10.9) for somatoform disorders, 7.3% (95% CI: 6.2-8.5) for nicotine dependence, 3.7% (95% CI: 3.0-4.6) for disorders due to general medical condition, and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.7-1.6) for alcohol abuse or dependence. Lifetime prevalence for any mental disorder was 56.3% (95% CI 54.1-58.6), that for anxiety disorders was 24.1% (95% CI: 22.3-25.9), 20.5% (95% CI: 18.9-22.3) for mood disorders, 19.9% (95% CI: 18.3-21.7) for somatoform disorders, 18.2% (95% CI: 16.6-20.0) for nicotine dependence, 6.4% (95% CI: 5.4-7.6) for alcohol abuse or dependence, 4.6% (95% CI: 3.8-5.6) for disorders due to general medical condition, and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1-0.6) for eating disorders. Conclusions: Mental disorders are highly prevalent in cancer patients, indicating the need for provision of continuous psycho-oncological support from inpatient to outpatient care, leading to an appropriate allocation of direct personnel and other resources.

Background:The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine age- and sex-standardised prevalence rates of cancer-related fatigue in different groups of patients.Methods:This was a prospective study in a cohort of N=1494 cancer patients investigating fatigue at three time points t1–t3 (t1: admission to hospital, t2: discharge, t3: half a year after t1). Fatigue was measured with the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Age- and sex-adjusted norms were derived from a representative community sample of N=2037, using a cutoff at the 75th percentile.Results:At admission to the hospital, 32% of the patients were classified as fatigued. At discharge, the overall prevalence rate was 40%, and at half a year after t1, prevalence was 34%. Fatigue prevalence rates differed according to tumour stage, site, age, and sex of the patients.Conclusion:The prevalence rates provided by this study can be used for the planning of research and clinical routine.

The results show differences between patients with hematological cancer and patients with solid tumors, and these differences concern the preference to participate in medical decisions. Hemato-oncological patients desire less active participation and prefer a more dominant role of the physician in the various areas requiring decisions. Physicians should respect this in the course of the treatment.

STPP is an effective treatment of a broad range of depressive conditions in breast cancer patients improving depression and functional QoL. Findings are limited by the drop-out rate (∼1/3) and delayed post-treatment assessments. Future trials may consider stepped-care approaches, tailored to patients' needs and requirements in the acute treatment phase.

Our findings represent a part of the core evaluation of psychosocial counseling for cancer patients. Overall, it can be highlighted that cancer patients are very satisfied with outpatient psychosocial counseling offers. However, few critical aspects could be identified from the clients' perspective. Our results are discussed in the context of methodological aspects of the study.

The objective of this study was to analyse whether general self‐efficacy and resilient coping are negatively impacted when people are sick with cancer (compared with people from the general population), and whether these resource variables predict quality of life outcomes in that patient group. A sample of 959 patients recruited in an oncologic rehabilitation clinic was examined once while hospitalised and once again six months thereafter. The outcome variables were quality of life (EORTC QLQ‐C30) and distress (PHQ‐4). The resource variables were self‐efficacy (General Self‐Efficacy Scale) and resilient coping (Brief Resilient Coping Scale). Representative samples of the general population served as controls. Self‐efficacy (d = 0.08) and resilient coping (d = 0.28) were only slightly lower in the patients’ sample than in the general population. Both resource variables were associated with quality of life, but self‐efficacy (and not resilient coping) was the only independent predictor of quality of life functioning scales and distress scores when the baseline values of the dependent variables were also taken into account. Strengthening patients’ belief in their own ability to cope with the disease may help them retain and/or regain a higher level of quality of life.