Background At time of discharge after a pneumonia admission, care planning for older persons with dementia is essential. However, care planning is limited by lack of knowledge on the short-term prognosis. Aim To investigate 30-day mortality and readmission after hospital discharge for pneumonia in persons with versus without dementia, and to investigate how these associations vary with age, time since discharge, and medication use. Methods Using the Danish registries, we investigated 30-day mortality and readmission in persons (+65 years) discharged after pneumonia in 2000–2016 (N = 298,872). Adjusted mortality rate ratios (aMRRs) and incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) were calculated for persons with versus without dementia, and we investigated if these associations varied with use of benzodiazepines, opioids, and antipsychotics, and with age and time since discharge. Results Among 25,948 persons with dementia, 4,524 died and 5,694 were readmitted within 30 days. The risk of 30-day mortality was 129% higher (95% CI 2.21–2.37) in persons with versus without dementia after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, admission-related factors, and comorbidities. Further, the highest mortality risk was found in persons with both dementia and use of antipsychotics (aMRR: 3.39, 95% CI 3.19–3.59); 16% of deaths in this group could not be explained by the independent effect of each exposure. In those with dementia, the highest aMRRs were found for the youngest and for the first days after discharge. The risk of 30-day readmission was 7% higher (95% CI 1.04–1.10) in persons with versus without dementia. In those with dementia, the highest aIRRs were found for the first days after discharge. Conclusions Dementia was associated with higher short-term mortality after pneumonia, especially in users of antipsychotics, and with slightly higher readmission, especially in the first days after discharge. This is essential knowledge in the care planning for persons with dementia who are discharged after a pneumonia admission.

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Aims Diabetes is associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and inferior survival after CRC. Screening may enable the early detection of CRC. We aimed to assess the impact of diabetes on cancer detection and disease stage during the prevalence round of a national CRC screening program. Methods We performed a register‐based cohort study based on the randomized procedure for inviting Danish residents aged 50–74 years to the prevalence round of national CRC screening program in 2014–2017. By comparing the random half of the population who had been invited by 1 May 2016 with the not yet invited half, the effect of screening was assessed by the detection of CRC and disease stage among individuals with and without diabetes. Further, the impact of diabetes on the screening participation rate was calculated. Results By randomisation, 504,673 individuals had been invited to the CRC screening by 1 May 2016, and 549,359 individuals had not yet been invited. The diabetes prevalence was 10% in both groups. When comparing those not yet invited to those invited, the effect of screening on the number of detected cancers per 100,000 individuals was higher in those with diabetes (from 207 to 494 cancers) than in those without diabetes (from 147 to 364 cancers), and screening resulted in overall higher proportions of stage I cancer. Among those invited to screening, the participation rate was 9.1% lower (95% CI: 8.7%–9.5%) in individuals with versus without diabetes. Conclusions Despite a lower participation rate, the effect of CRC screening was higher in individuals with diabetes.

Background Comorbidity with type 2 diabetes (T2D) results in worsening of cancer-specific and overall prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The treatment of CRC per se may be diabetogenic. We aimed at assessing the impact of different types of surgical cancer resections as well as oncological treatment on risk of new-onset T2D in CRC patients. Method We developed a population-based cohort study including all Danish CRC patients, who had undergone CRC surgery between 2001-2018. Using nationwide register data, we identified and followed patients from date of surgery and until new-onset of T2D, death or end of follow-up. Results In total, 46,373 CRC patients were included and divided into six groups according to type of surgical resection: 10,566 Right-No-Chemo (23%), 4,645 Right-Chemo (10%), 10,151 Left-No-Chemo (22%), 5,257 Left-Chemo (11%), 9,618 Rectal-No-Chemo (21%) and 6,136 Rectal-Chemo (13%). During 245,466 person-years of follow-up 2,556 patients developed T2D. The incidence rate (IR) of T2D was highest in the Left-Chemo group 11.3 (95%CI: 10.4-12.2) per 1,000 person-years and lowest in the Rectal-No-Chemo group 9.6 (95%CI: 8.8-10.4). Between-group unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of developing T2D was similar and non-significant. In the adjusted analysis, Rectal-No-Chemo was associated with lower risk of T2D (HR 0.86 [95%CI 0.75-0.98]) compared to Right-No-Chemo. For all six groups, an increased level of BMI resulted in a nearly twofold increased risk of developing T2D Conclusion This study suggests postoperative T2D screening should be prioritized in CRC survivors with overweight/obesity regardless of type of colorectal cancer treatment applied. Funding The Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF17SA0031406); TrygFonden (101390; 20045; 125132).