<p>This paper proposes a novel methodology to overcome the outstanding challenges in effectively assessing technology maturity to final real-world applications. The Engineering Severity Level (ESL) is a conceptual tool that provides a simple, standardised and quantitative method of assessing technology suitability to real-world environments. It is a standalone tool offering advantages in generating an evidence base for accurate technology maturity assessment and early identification of developmental roadblocks. Moreover, the tool can be applied as a universal basis to enhance TRL classification and provide further context and quantitative analysis. The benefits are exemplified in the assessment of quantum technologies for Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) requirements in Defence applications.</p>
<p>This paper proposes a novel methodology to overcome the outstanding challenges in effectively assessing technology maturity to final real-world applications. The Engineering Severity Level (ESL) is a conceptual tool that provides a simple, standardised and quantitative method of assessing technology suitability to real-world environments. It is a standalone tool offering advantages in generating an evidence base for accurate technology maturity assessment and early identification of developmental roadblocks. Moreover, the tool can be applied as a universal basis to enhance TRL classification and provide further context and quantitative analysis. The benefits are exemplified in the assessment of quantum technologies for Position, Navigation and Timing (PNT) requirements in Defence applications.</p>
Interferometric measurement of an atom's velocity allows, by tailoring the impulse imparted by the matterwave-splitting laser pulses, a velocity-dependent force that cools an atomic sample. Differential measurement reveals the sample's acceleration and rotation.OCIS codes: (020.1335) Atom optics; (020.3320) Laser cooling; (120.5790) Sagnac effect; (120.7250) Velocimetry Interferometric velocimetryRaman matterwave interferometry [1] commonly uses pairs of laser beams, similar in frequency but opposite in wavevector, to couple atomic states of similar electronic configuration and energy but different linear momentum. The momentum difference gives the radiative interaction a velocity-dependence, which may be overcome if the interaction is limited to pulses short enough to be broad in bandwidth, but which persists between pulses in the phase drift between the atomic superposition and the laser oscillator. The small frequency difference between the coupled states means that there is negligible spontaneous emission, and that the beam pair can be produced with phase precision by radio-frequency modulation of a single master laser. With these ingredients, atom interferometry has been shown to be a precise means of inertial measurement [2][3][4].The evolution of the wavefunction of an atom, as it moves with respect to, but between the pulses of, an interacting optical field, may be viewed from two perspectives. From that of the optical apparatus, the coupled atomic states differ in kinetic energy, and the phase of their superposition therefore accrues because of the difference in classical action between their trajectories. Viewed from the inertial frame of the atom, the phase of the optical field varies as the apparatus moves and presents different points for the stationary atom to sample. The result is a relative phase φ between the atomic superposition and the optical field which, if the field is resonant for a stationary atom, depends after a time t upon the atom's velocity v:where k eff is the effective wavevector of the Raman field, equal to the wavevector difference between its components, and v R is the recoil velocity ℏk eff /m for atoms of mass m.Whether regarded as interference of the de Broglie matterwave, or of the optical wave transferred via an atomic resonator, the interference fringes of a two-pulse Ramsey interferometer show a sinusoidal dependence of the transferred population upon time, with a periodicity determined by the velocity component along k eff . Single velocity components may be found from the fringes' periodicity, and distributions from their Fourier transform. Interferometric coolingInterferometric measurement of the atomic velocity is accompanied by a radiative impulse, for atoms receive an impulse of ℏk eff when they are transferred between the two interferometer states. By tailoring the interferometer period and introducing an adjustable phase between the two interferometer pulses, it may be arranged that this impulse on average opposes the atom's velocity, and an atomic sampl...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.