Groups of six, 10-week-old pigs were inoculated with 0.65 x 10(3), 0.65 x 10(6) or 0.65 x 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu) of Salmonella Cubana or Salmonella Derby and then monitored for eight weeks for the faecal excretion of Salmonella species and the presence of serum antibodies. Eight tissue samples were collected postmortem from each pig and analysed for Salmonella species. In general, the dose had a greater impact on the responses of the pigs than the serovar. However, in the groups inoculated with 0.65 x 10(6) cfu, S Cubana were excreted only by one pig during the first two days after infection, whereas the pigs inoculated with S Derby all shed the bacteria constantly for two weeks and then intermittently for several weeks. In the low dose groups none of the pigs excreted any detectable salmonella whereas all the pigs in both high dose groups shed salmonella constantly or intermittently throughout the eight weeks. All the 12 pigs inoculated with 0.65 x 10(6) or 0.65 x 10(9) cfu of S Derby seroconverted during the study period, whereas all the pigs inoculated with 0.65 x 10(3) remained seronegative. No serological response could be detected in the three groups of pigs inoculated with S Cubana. In the postmortem samples both serovars were re-isolated from the caecal contents and the colonic tissue, but the other organs and tissues were all negative except for one ileocaecal lymph node from a pig inoculated with 0.65 x 10(6) cfu of S Derby.

Between 2001 and 2003, there was an outbreak of tuberculosis in a Swedish zoo which involved elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses and buffaloes. Cultures of trunk lavages were used to detect infected elephants, tuberculin testing was used in the giraffes and buffaloes, and tracheal lavage and tuberculin testing were used in the rhinoceroses. The bacteria isolated were investigated by spoligotyping and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Five elephants and one giraffe were found to have been infected by four different strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Antibacterial resistance (ABR), is a growing global threat to human and animal health. Efforts to contain ABR are urgently needed. This qualitative interview study explored perceptions of work to contain ABR among stakeholders in food animal production in Sweden, with focus on broiler production. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with a strategic sample of 13 stakeholders in different parts of production, from professionals at policy level, veterinary authorities, to poultry farmers and poultry veterinarians. Conventional inductive content analysis was used for data analysis. A latent theme, “Working in unison,” emerged, based on the consistency expressed by the informants when they discussed ABR, use of antibiotics, and animal health management. This theme was built on four domains representing the content of the interviews: Knowledge and engagement; Cooperation; Animal health concept; and Development in balance with economic prerequisites. According to the informants, ABR has not been an isolated issue in Sweden but has been included in a tradition of animal health and welfare, and actions have been driven by the industry or by government regulations. Veterinarians described how they worked closely with farmers. Farmers felt involved in the development of animal health management methods. The One Health concept was well-known among stakeholders at national level but not at farm level. Close cooperation between stakeholders seems to facilitate development of animal production with low use of antibiotics.

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