IntroductionVitamin D is critical for bone health and its deficiency has been linked to increased incidence and severity of multiple diseases. Even so, vitamin D inadequacy is a major public health problem worldwide. The main source of vitamin D is endogenous cutaneous synthesis through exposure to solar ultraviolet B radiation, which is influenced by several factors, including occupational. The active duty Navy military personnel may be prone to vitamin D inadequacy, but a worldwide overview of vitamin D status in this specific population is still lacking.Methods and analysisThe CoCoPop mnemonic will be used for determining the inclusion criteria. Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed/Medline will be searched for all studies including 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of the active duty Navy military personnel. Data extraction and quality assessment (Joanna Briggs Institute’s and Downs and Black checklists) will be performed by two reviewers and data will be synthesised in narrative, tabular and map formats.Ethics and disseminationThis study will not involve human or animal subjects and, thus, does not require ethics approval. The outcomes will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and presentation at a scientific conference.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022287057.

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ObjectivesActive duty Navy military personnel are prone to vitamin D deficiency due to an occupational environment detrimental to sunlight exposure. The main objective of this systematic review is to provide a worldwide overview of vitamin D status in this population.MethodsThe Condition, Context, Population (CoCoPop) mnemonic was used to define the inclusion criteria (vitamin D status; all contexts; active duty Navy military personnel). Studies with recruits or veterans were excluded. Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed/Medline databases were searched from inception to 30 June 2022. Joanna Briggs Institute and Downs & Black checklists were used for quality assessment and data were synthesised in narrative and tabular formats.ResultsThirteen studies published between 1975 and 2022 and conducted in northern hemisphere Navies, including mainly young and male service members, were included. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was globally reported as significant. Nine studies included a total of 305 male submariners who performed 30–92 days submarine patrol and reported the effect of sunlight deprivation in the decrease of vitamin D levels.ConclusionsThis new systematic review underlines the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the Navy, especially in submariners, and the need to implement measures to prevent vitamin D deficiency. Serum 25(OH)D data available and the heterogeneity of the studies limited a pooled analysis. Most studies included only submariners, which may limit generalisability to all active duty Navy military personnel. Further research on this topic should be promoted.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022287057.

This article explores the affinities between film and philosophy by returning to a shared meditation on death and the nature of time. Death has been considered the muse of philosophy and can also be considered the muse of film-philosophy. But what does it mean to say that to film-philosophise is to learn to die, or a kind of training for dying? Film is an artistic object that reminds us of death’s inevitability; it is a meditation on the transient and finite nature of time. Films as diverse as Mizoguchi’s Tales of Ugetsu, Resnais’s Hiroshima mon Amour, and Guzmán’s Nostalgia for the Light take an uncanny approach to the subject, expressing the paradoxical coexistence of life and death and of different temporal dimensions. This article explores the philosophical concept of the death-image and time through a Deleuzian approach to cinema, meditating on the flashback, the coexistence of the present and the past, and the emergence of a new type of Lazarean character – one who returns from the dead. The article aims to clarify not simply death’s unquestionable omnipresence in film but also cinema’s role as a contemporary version of the trope of memento mori.

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Editorial #3 Os EditoresO dossier temático e a entrevista O dossier é constituído por seis ensaios que analisam o cinema expandido, algumas instalações audiovisuais, interativas e imersivas, bem como a vídeo arte nacional e internacional. Foi coordenado por Susana Viegas.O "cinema expandido", antes de ser canonizado teoricamente por Gene Youngblood (1970), começou por ser uma prática artística dos anos 60. Os trabalhos de artistas como Stan VanDerBeek, Scott Bartlett, Peter Weibel, Valie Export, Malcolm Le Grice, entre muitos outros, marcaram o carácter experimental e intermedial da ligação entre as mais recentes tecnologias e as imagens em movimento, numa atitude de rutura com os modelos então dominantes numa sociedade conservadora (Export 2003;Weibel 2003). Ainda que estas referências nos remetam para um determinado período do século XX marcado pela experimentação audiovisual, a sua definição permanece em aberto. No nosso caso, o recurso ao termo "cinema" revela-se enganador, pois o conceito de Youngblood não significa a reinvenção da arte cinematográfica mas a "expansão da consciência". Por isso, o nosso mote inicial não se centra tanto numa vontade de regressar ao conceito, que tem historicamente o seu lugar conceptual e o seu valor estético, mas de trabalhá-lo numa abordagem abrangente, procurando, e explorando, as aberturas que artisticamente permite e, desse modo, indagar algumas das possíveis linhas de fuga. Estas obras espelham novas cartografias do pensamento, enquanto pura temporalidade que cria signos que mapeiam os movimentos do próprio pensamento.