En esta investigación se pretende comprobar si las comunidades marginales se definen como aquéllas en el ámbito rural de países de ingreso medio y bajo localizadas en zonas poco aptas para la agricultura con elevadas tasas de dispersión poblacional. El análisis comparativo de los indicadores de pobreza entre las comunidades y los promedios nacionales permite concluir que la definición propuesta es la adecuada. Los niveles de pobreza registrados ameritan intervenciones específicas e inminentes por parte de los titulares de obligaciones capaces de modificar las condiciones que llevan enquistando una pobreza que es ya estructural. La estrategia podría apoyarse en una propuesta de intervención regional o global por la similitud entre los indicadores de las comunidades, con condiciones de vidas similares, capaz de atender las principales necesidades detectadas.
The lack of opportunities for employment is still present in most South American cities. This arises as a problem due to its impact on chronic poverty and social mobility, two of the main challenges in the region. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify the causal link between residential location and labour market exclusion, and its effects on development, geography, and urbanism. This paper uses an urban mobility approach to define the geographic poverty pattern and to generate new tools for the development of local policies in Quito. It also delves the lack of opportunities to access employment, as representing the main source of urban poverty growth in South America, especially due to residential location. The analysis applies the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) and the Labour Exclusion by Residential Causes Index (LERCI) to each Quito parish. LERCI includes variables of distance, cost, and public transportation density. Our results regarding the correlation between the two indices suggest a pattern of labour exclusion by residential causes that includes two different dimensions of urban poverty one in downtown parishes and the other in the periphery.
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