What is the impact on perceptions of legitimacy and efficacy when key stake-holders are absent during the creation of international standards? Can these international standards setting bodies adequately address the needs of all countries when often working in the absence of developing countries? This study examines the process through which one international environmental management standard (ISO 14001) was created and analyzes its perceived legitimacy and efficacy among developing country stakeholders relative to those from developed countries. Data for this project come from interviews with 42 delegates to the ISO 14000 standards-drafting sessions in Malaysia and 133 surveys of ISO 14001 certified firms in 16 countries. The article concludes that stakeholder absence impacts both legitimacy and efficacy of ISO 14001 in interesting and unexpected ways. Copyright (c) 2003 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
In addition to the challenges mediators face during the mediation process itself, they face myriad professional challenges related to building and maintaining a successful mediation practice. Th is study shares the fi ndings of a multiround survey of more than two hundred highly experienced mediators from around the world regarding the professional challenges that mediators face and the strategies they use to address these challenges. Th ese are important issues to examine for those considering entering the profession or for those already practicing mediation and seeking to develop their skills further as a small-business owner.
High‐quality mediation training is essential to producing skilled mediators, but what makes for good training? To answer this question, the authors examine the literature on adult education, mediation training, training design and methods, and quality assurance in mediation training. What follows is a summary and analysis of the literature on issues related to mediation training. This core body of knowledge helps to prepare mediation trainers and program administrators as they seek to ensure that the training they provide or sponsor is of the highest quality possible.
An important feature of the new public management paradigm is the increasing reliance on voluntary codes rather than coercive mandatory regulation to achieve public policy objectives. Often, the proponents of new public management overlook the important contributions of policy entrepreneurs within regulated firms in popularizing such codes. Focusing on the environmental policy arena, this article documents that such policy entrepreneurscorporate environmental entrepreneurs-exist in many corporations and significantly influence firms' adoption of progressive environmental policies. This article uses survey data from firms in 16 countries to examine the role of corporate environmental entrepreneurs in the context of an international voluntary code that seeks to encourage firms to adopt environmentally progressive policies.
Mediators, ombuds, and other peace workers generally see their work as a calling. They pursue this work because of a desire to help others while promoting healing and reconciliation. While their work helps clients, it frequently results in deeply personal transformations, changing the ways in which they relate to and communicate with their family, colleagues, and community members. After hearing anecdotal reports of these transformations, I designed this study to learn more about how the work of conflict resolution affects its practitioners. Data for this study come from interviews and surveys of peace workers in various settings.
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