Businesses today operate in a highly competitive and changing global business environment and therefore require information system that provides speedy responses to the complex business issue. The rapid development in information technology (IT) has aided companies to generate and make use accounting information systems (AIS), and the qualitative characteristics of any accounting information system to make it effective can be sustained if there is proper internal control system. When companies and businesses adjust and regulate their computerized technique of internal control machinery according to accounting information system (AIS), there would be assurances of the reliability of financial information processes, the control measures of effectiveness and efficiency of the information reliability will be boasted, effectual and improved operative goals and enhanced performance. Therefore, this study focused and look at the influence of accounting information systems (AIS) for effective internal control on firm's performance and found out that when controls are operated efficiently and effectively, there will be improved performance, better accounting information reliability for better decision making for both the internal and external users.
There has been constant growth and development in information technology which had brought the digital revolution in our daily economic, social and cultural fields. This technological development changed the methods and ways of carrying out tasks within the scope of accounting transactions and activities through the use of electronic media. One of the digital applications produced on this issue is E- accounting. E- accounting is a new development in the field of accounting adopted at the international level. E- accounting stands for electronic accounting with the characteristics of high speed, accuracy and with an immediate result. Accordingly, source documents and accounting records exist in a digital form instead of on paper in an electronic accounting system. It helps businesses keep their financial data and accounting software in a safe, secure environment allowing real-time access to authorized users irrespective of their location or computing platforms. This paper sheds light on the impact of e-accounting in the modern business, the concept of E- accounting, benefits, and problems of e- accounting. The main source of data used for this paper is the secondary data from the review of related literature basically to create a theoretical background for the study. It was found from the studies that many organizations fail in the business, not because of poor quality of material, not the availability of trained staff, management problems, but the main reason is the accounting practices adopted by the businesses. Therefore, there is a need for businesses to adopt e -accounting practices as a replacement for traditional practices.
Intellectual Capital and Value Creation of Listed InsuranceCompanies in Nigeria: Is Innovation Capital Matter?1. Introduction In today's economy intangibles assets are the major drivers of wealth and growth. With emergence of the new economy it is a known fact that the value creation depends far less on their physical assets than on their intangible ones. These assets, often described as intellectual capital, are being recognized as the foundation of individual, organizational and national competitiveness in the twenty-first century (Wigg, 1997; Bounfour & Edvinsson, 2005). As noticed by Pike, Rylander and Roos (2002), 'as the business society is developed, the key step in value creation has ascended an intellectual staircase'.Intellectual capital has been identified as a set of intangibles (resources, capabilities and competences) that drives the organizational performance and value creation (Roos &Roos, 1997; Bontis, 1998; Bontis, Keow & Richardson,2000). This suggests causal relationships between intellectual capital and organizational value creation (Marr & Roos, 2005). However, intangible assets seldom affect performance directly. Instead, they work indirectly through relationships of cause and effect (Kaplan & Norton, 2004).Despite the tremendous theoretical improvement during the last years, intellectual capital phenomenon requires theory and research methodology that enhances the integration of theory construction and theory testing. Research in intellectual capital is actually, at critical cross-roads with increased emphasis on developing theoretical concepts and testing relationships guided by such concepts. It is vital to consolidate some findings, namely arrive at a set of operational measures that meet minimal criteria of measurement (Maria & Jorge, 2005).Intellectual capital that has been theoretically raised in the last few years throughout the world is seen as one of the most value-creating resources in entrepreneurial growth of firms, hence the need to develop and manage intellectual capital has become a serious obligation in the national level and in the business arena in such a way that the emergence of knowledge-based economy can be observed (Iranmahdi, Moeinaddin, Shahmoradi & Heyrani, 2014).However, the traditional accounting has been used over 500 years ago as the basis for the current financial report which fails to adapt to the changes in the economy, especially in knowledge-asset reporting requirements (Widyaningdyah, 2008); this is because the financial statements are not able to present the relevant information regarding the amount of the value of the intangible asset so that it can influence corporate policy. Failure to report knowledge-assets by the traditional accounting can be seen from the phenomenon that occurs in some large companies such as knowledge-
Objective- Non interest banking, also known as Islamic banking is a system of banking that does not permit interest to either be given or received by the bank for the maintenance of their customers or client account or any contract between them and their clients. In its operation, it has witnessed rapid expansion globally since first established 30 years ago. In Nigeria, it is a new concept and its establishment has been challenging. This study was carried out with the aim of appraising its operation globally and in Nigeria in particular using the conceptual and theoretical frame work. Methodology/Technique The challenges faced in its operation such as unfamiliarity and wrong perception by the populace, regulatory framework, implementation process, liquidity management, lack of professionals among others are highlighted. The differences between it and the conventional bank are also considered. Findings The study recommends that there is a need to develop research and development units comprising of scholars, marketers, professionals and skilled bankers. Novelty - The Nigeria government and the central bank should not relent in public awareness campaign for wider acceptability as this will benefit the poor member of the community as they will have easy access to interest free loan for small scale business. Type of Paper Empirical paper Keywords: Banking, Conventional Banking, Interest, Islamic Banking and Shari'ah.
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