Instructors across disciplines continue to seek methods to improve students' retention of class material. One potential method for increasing retention is the use of collaborative, or group, testing. We tested the hypothesis that group testing would lead to greater retention than individual testing. Two instructors, teaching 2 sections of their respective courses, alternated testing formats across the 2 courses. Participants were 147 students from 4 separate undergraduate psychology courses (2 per instructor). Participants taking the group test initially scored higher than those taking the individual test. However, after 3 weeks, with retesting on a subset of questions, there was no significant difference in retention between group versus individual test takers. These findings call into question the value of collaborative testing.
Little convergence has been found in the area of subtyping alcoholic per sonalities. Prior work has suffered from the use of single inventories, inventories with large distress factors, or inventories that lack broad theoretical appeal. The present work (N = 89) transcends idiosyncratic cluster solutions through the use of canonical correlation of the Basic Personality Inventory and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. The resulting global canonical variates are cluster analyzed to a six‐cluster solution. These subtypes are described through their scores on the canonical variates and the underlying psychometric inventories.
The relationship between social support, mood states, and burden was studied in 63 caregivers of chronically ill family members. These caregivers were categorized as providing care for either chronically ill demented or lucid family members.Contact was made with participating caregivers and their medical personnel so as to verify that reported illness did not overlap in both categories (e.g., AIDS with dementia). No differences were evident between caregivers of demented and lucidfamily members on age, gender, familial relationship, use offormal support, number of health problems or hours spent with the family member Caregivers of demented family memhers difttrfrom caregivers of lucid chronically illfamily members in the level of expressed emotional burden, and amount of revealed ftitigue/inertia. However, differences between these caregivers were not evident on levels for time, social, developmental, or physical burden as measured by the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CRI); nor were differences evident on dimensions of tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility vigor activity, or confusion-bewilderment as measured by the Profile of Mood States (POMS).
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