There is an emerging international consensus on the importance of developing 21st Century capabilities as part of education curricula. Yet, educators are uncertain about the definitions of the capabilities, and how to teach and assess them. This paper offers integrated curriculum as an effective way to resolve some of the challenges associated with developing the C21 capabilities. We present an overarching curriculum frameworkthe Know-Do-Be. Next, we identify the capabilities as they are described in various jurisdictions. Then we offer a backward design planning process that allows for creative and coherent curriculum design. Models of integrated curriculum are explored followed by research on the effectiveness of integration. Finally, we show how bringing together the competencies and integrated curriculum can create a rich learning situation. The paper concludes with recommendations for facilitating the foregrounding of the 21st Century capabilities through curriculum integration.

Adopted and looked after children are often excluded from service-user involvement. The purpose of the study discussed here by Julie Davies, John Wright, Susan Drake and Jennifer Bunting was, therefore, to develop methodologies to facilitate the inclusion of junior-school-aged children to reflect on their experience of participating in psychological therapy. Exclusively recruiting this group enabled us to develop age-specific techniques. The clinical implications for therapeutic practice and an effective methodology to ascertain children's perceptions of therapy are discussed. The overarching message is that children with disrupted attachments can be engaged in reflective discussions about mental health services when a methodology is developed specifically for them. This allows us to view services ‘through the eyes’ of children (Department of Health, 2004a).

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Using available data from a variety of secondary sources, this research examines the empirical validity of arguments maintained by conflict theorists about the interrelations among economic inequality, the incidence of crime, and the official criminalization of people through arrest. The reported findings, although not definitive, suggest that official criminalization may be a function of the structure of dominant/subordinate relations within populations, rather than the incidence of crime. These findings are dependent, however, on whether the incidence of crime is measured by official or unofficial statistics on criminal activity. The implications of the findings are discussed, and we conclude that they lend some support to conflict criminology and suggest that further aggregate tests using structural variables are desirable.A major theoretical development during the past decade has been the application of the conflict perspective to the sociological study of deviance and control (e.g., Turk, 1969;Taylor et al.,