Sunflower seed cake and cotton seed warehouses combusted spontaneouslyand burnt in August and November 2009, respectively, in Khartoum North industrialarea. The objective of this study was to determine some of the reasons for self-heatingand spontaneous combustion. Representative samples from the two warehouses werecollected. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Paesiolomyces sp., Rhizopus oryzae, Absidia sp.were isolated at 37 o C. Bacillus thuringiensis was isolated at 37 oC, and B. pantothenticus,B. ciculans, B. licheniformis, B. sphaericus, B. badius, Escherichia coli and Klebsiellasp. were isolated at 60 oC. A decrease in oil, fibre and phosphorus and increase in freefatty acids and protein contents were detected.
A solar heat exposure or solarization trial was carried outduring November 2007 at Shambat Research Station, Sudan. TheObjective of the study was to control the date moth Ephestia calidella(Guen.) and the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.)in stored dates. Black iron and polyethylene solar heat collectors wereconstructed and exposed to the sun. The results showed considerablevariation in the mean temperature between the iron heat collector,polyethylene heat collector and control treatments; they were 41.5C,53.7C and 57.4C, respectively, while the ambient mean temperature andrelative humidity were 33C and 52.9%. Six and 12 hours were enoughto control E. calidella in the iron heat and polyethylene heat collectors,respectively, and 18 and 24 hours to control O. surinamensis. Exposingthe ripened dates to a mean temperature of 57.4C for 24 hours did notlead to high significant change in the chemical composition, except thatsome sucrose was inverted to reducing sugars.
A survey was conducted during 2011-2012 in Khartoum State. The surveyfocused on the identification of insects associated with stored onion. Insects encounteredwere, the fig moth (Ephestia cautella), the dried fruit beetle (Carpophilus hemipterus),the sap beetle (Carpophilus obsolitus), the humpbacked fly (Megaselia scalaris), the antbeetle (Anthicus floralis), the hairy fungus beetle (Typhaea stercorea), the confused flourbeetle (Triboleum confusum), the scavenger fly (Chrysomyza demandata), the dungbeetle (Aphodius lividus), the minute pirate bug (Orius leavigatus), and the rove beetles(Aleochara bipustulata, four Quidius spp. and Lithocharis sp.).
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