SummaryThe inflammatory response in the lungs of mice infected with an influenza A virus consists largely of macrophages and CD3+ T cells . Most T lymphocytes recovered before day 7 after infection express mRNA for the T cell receptor ca/O (TCR a/R), while TCR y/S mRNA+ cells are found at much higher frequency over the next 7 d . The predominant surface phenotype for the TCR-,y/S mRNA+ population is CD3+4 -8 -TCR a/a' . Some lymphocytes expressing all the known Vy genes are found in the inflammatory exudate, but Vy2+/Vy1+ and Vy4+ T cells are present at highest frequency. The response is staged, with maximal numbers of Vy4+ cells occurring on day 10 after infection, while the predominant phenotype on day 13 is Vy2/Vy1+ . The emerging peak in numbers of Vy4+ lymphocytes is paralleled by increasing numbers of macrophages expressing hsp mRNA . The later maxima found for the Vy2+/V-yl+ T cells is consistent with the possibility that at least some of these lymphocytes are responding to the hsp+ cells and are functioning to resolve the inflammatory process.
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