Primary respiratory neoplasms are uncommonly reported in avian species, and available literature on the occurrence of spontaneous neoplasms in birds is limited. Humeral air sac carcinomas are reported in large psittaciforms; however, no reports exist in cockatiels or other small psittaciforms. Psittaciforms have unique air sac anatomy compared to aquatic avian species and differences exist within the family Psittacidae. This report is the first to describe a humeral air sac neoplasm with pulmonary invasion in a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus).
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