Objectives. To implement a team-based learning (TBL) format in an endocrine module to promote students' active learning in a course delivered to 2 campuses. Methods. Course lectures were transformed into 13 TBL sessions consisting of content pre-assignments (self-directed learning), in-class readiness assurance tests (accountability), and team problem solving of patient cases and faculty-led class discussion (knowledge application). Student performance was evaluated through multiple assessments during the TBL sessions and on unit examinations. Students evaluated each individual TBL session and the course as a whole. Results. Course grades were higher using the TBL method compared to the traditional lecture-based method that was used previously. Individual readiness assurance tests and team contribution scores significantly predicted overall course grades (p,0.001). Students accepted the change in course format as indicated by course evaluation results. Conclusions. TBL is an effective active-learning, instructional strategy for courses with large student-tofaculty ratios and distance education environments.
According to this systematic literature review, postmenopausal vasomotor treatments that have been shown to be safe and effective in short-term use include black cohosh, exercise, gabapentin, medroxyprogesterone acetate, SSRIs (ie, paroxetine hydrochloride), and soy protein. Initial, small reports are suggestive for efficacy in menopausal vasomotor symptoms with megestrol acetate and venlafaxine.
Use of oral corticosteroids in patients on long-term warfarin therapy may result in a clinically significant interaction, which requires close INR monitoring and possible warfarin dose reduction.
Cangrelor is a promising investigational medication for inhibition of platelet aggregation in acute arterial coronary events. Phase II trials have shown safety and a greater inhibition of platelet aggregation over clopidogrel. Phase III trials will provide more definitive information on clinical efficacy and safety. Until then, the role of cangrelor is uncertain.
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