Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Modified Adeli suit therapy (MAST) on improvement of gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Thirty-six children with CP assigned by match pairs to three equal groups such as the MAST, the AST, and the Neurodevelopmental Treatment. They were treated for 4 weeks, 2 hr/d,

• Improper activity of trapezius muscle motor units can be a reason of the cervicogenic headache. • Increased muscle tension at rest can lead to decrease of its contractile properties. • Rehabilitation of patients is effective when includes first postisometric relaxation procedures and myofascial mobilization of trigger points, then head protraction and retraction exercises according to McKenzie therapy and finally muscles strengthening exercises supplemented with self-control of the correct body posture.

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an autosomal dominant disease, characterized by dystopia canthorum, hyperplasia of the eyebrows, heterochromia iridis, white forelock, and congenital sensori-neural hearing loss (SNHL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of cochlear implantation in children with WS and compare it with children with pure SNHL. In a prospective study we evaluated 336 cochlear implanted children from 2008 to 2010. The WS was diagnosed by its established criteria and for control group children without any dysmorphic features, anatomical, behavioral, and developmental disorders were also enrolled. We evaluated children of both groups 1 year after cochlear implantation by categories of auditory performance (CAP) and speech intelligibility rating (SIR) tests. Eighty-one children out of the total 336 who had SNHL were included in study. Out of these 75 (22.3%) were healthy and six (1.78%) had WS. Of the 75 healthy children 40 (53.3%) were girls, while of the six children with WS, three (50%) were girls. There was a significant difference in SIR between WS and cases with pure SNHL (2.67 ± 1.03 vs. 3.79 ± 1.11, p = 021) however, the difference was not significant in CAP (4 ± 1.26 vs. 5.13 ± 1.13, p = 0.082). Prevalence of WS was 1.78% at Baqiyatallah Cochlear Implant Center. One year after implantation there was no significant difference in auditory outcome; however, the difference in speech outcome was significant between WS and cases with pure SNHL.

Introduction:Epilepsy is an important disease with a cumulative incidence of 3% all over the life and more than half of them are started from childhood. In this study we surveyed MRI findings in epileptic children and its relation with clinical and demographic findings in order to find better diagnostic and treatment modalities for these children in the future.

Background:Neonatal sepsis is a worldwide problem that presents a management challenge to care groups for neonates and infants. Early diagnosis and management can considerably decrease the risk of sepsis, and improve the outcome.Aim:The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence, causative pathogens, and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern for neonatal sepsis in Iran.Materials and Methods:A historical cohort study was conducted on 84 patients with neonatal sepsis who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) wards of Baqiyatallah and Najmieh University hospitals in Tehran, between 2003 and 2006. Clinical, demographic and laboratory data was collected from medical records.Results:Among all the comprised neonates, 44 patients were diagnosed with early-onset sepsis, 23 cases with late-onset sepsis and others with nosocomial sepsis. The most common isolated pathogen in all groups was Enterobacter, and was responsible for 31.4%, 47.8% and 41.2% of the episodes of sepsis, according to the sepsis type mentioned above, respectively. Susceptibility of common sepsis related pathogens to imipenem and gentamycin gradually reduced over the years between 2003 and 2006. Total mortality and morbidity rates due to neonatal sepsis were estimated at 27.4% and 89.3%, respectively. Mortality following sepsis was found more in boys (Odds Ratio (OR)=4.897, Conifdence Interval (CI)=95%, P=0.031), and those with low birth weight (OR=4.406, CI: 95%, P=0.011). Higher sepsis related co-morbidity was found in neonates following cesarean delivery (OR=6.280, CI: 95%, P=0.025).Conclusion:It seems that the mortality rate in this study was lower than similar studies in Iran and other developing countries. This difference between the mortality rates of the centers in our study and others could be due to the high occurrence of Enterobacter infections in the latter and also high resistance of these pathogens to commonly used antibiotics such as β-lactams and aminoglycosides reported in other studies.