The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus) is listed as a Species of High Concern in the United States Shorebird Conservation Plan due to a small population size and threats during its annual cycle. Previous studies of the American Oystercatcher have focused on Atlantic Coast populations; however, little is known about the reproductive success of the western Gulf Coast population. The objective of this study was to determine nest and brood survival of American Oystercatchers in Texas. A total of 337 nests and 121 broods were monitored on the Texas Gulf Coast during 2011-2013. The top model for nest survival in Program MARK included a linear decline in survival across the nesting season and as nests aged. Survival also declined as island size and foraging habitat near the nest site increased. The probability of a nest surviving from mean initiation date to hatching was 0.384 (95% CI = 0.317, 0.451). The top model for brood survival included a linear decline in survival across the season and an increase in survival as broods aged. Brood survival also varied among years and coastal region. The probability of a brood surviving from mean hatch date to 35 days after hatch ranged from 0.397 (95% CI = 0.204, 0.578) in 2013 to 0.887 (95% CI = 0.673, 0.964) in 2011 across all regions. Known causes of nest and brood loss included beach overwash, depredation, and starvation. This study provides the first estimates of nest and brood survival of the American Oystercatcher along the western Gulf Coast. The additional insight into patterns of nest and brood survival in this species will be useful for future conservation planning efforts that target breeding American Oystercatchers. Known causes of nest and brood loss included beach overwash, depredation, and starvation. This study provides the first estimates of nest and brood survival of the American Oystercatcher along the western Gulf Coast. The additional insight into patterns of nest and brood survival in this species will be useful for future conservation planning efforts that target breeding American Oystercatchers.
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The significance of this paper lies in the uncovering of ontological understandings and tacit knowledge of how consultant nurses and midwives optimise patient care delivery in challenging situations. The findings indicate, however, that the value of these internationally established roles is yet to be fully realised. The paper concludes by recommending strategies to assist newly appointed clinical nurse/midwifery consultants transition into these demanding autonomous roles.
Sodium taurocholate co‐transporting polypeptide deficiency is a rare metabolic autosomal recessive condition resulting in critically elevated plasma bile acid levels. Hypercholanaemia in similar conditions such as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetric outcomes including stillbirth. We present the first case of Sodium taurocholate co‐transporting polypeptide deficiency in a current pregnancy in a patient with one previous stillbirth in the context of severe hypercholanaemia, where conventional treatments for cholestasis including ursodeoxycholic acid, rifampicin and cholestyramine were ineffective. Therapeutic plasma exchange and novel treatment with elobixibat were trialed with mixed results. The pregnancy resulted in an iatrogenic preterm delivery of a live infant at 32 weeks gestation.
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