Inertial transitions in a suspension Taylor–Couette flow are explored for the first time via experiments in the counter-rotation regime (i.e. the rotation ratio $\varOmega =\omega _o/\omega _i<0$ , where $\omega _i$ and $\omega _o$ are the angular speeds of the inner and outer cylinders, respectively) up to a particle volume fraction $\phi \leq 0.2$ . The primary bifurcation from the circular Couette flow (CCF) is found to yield patterns similar to those in a particle-free Newtonian fluid, and is supercritical at $|\varOmega |\leq 0.5$ but becomes hysteretic at large $|\varOmega |=1$ . It is shown that the states with different numbers of vortices can coexist over a large range of shear Reynolds number $\mbox {Re}_s(\phi )$ , confirming multi-stable behaviour of the primary and higher-order states for any particle loading at $|\varOmega |\leq 0.5$ . A quasi-periodic state characterized by two incommensurate frequencies, namely, the modulated wavy vortices (MWV), is found at $\varOmega =-0.5$ as a tertiary bifurcation from the wavy Taylor vortices (WTV), with the stationary Taylor vortex flow (TVF) being the primary bifurcating state from CCF at $\phi \geq 0$ . A novel sequence of transitions ${\rm TVF}\to {\rm MWV}_1\to {\rm WTV}\to {\rm MWV}$ , with another variant of modulated vortices (MWV $_1$ ) appearing directly from TVF as a secondary bifurcation, may also occur even for the particle-free ( $\phi =0$ ) case; the coexistence/non-uniqueness of WTV and MWV states is demonstrated over a range of $\mbox {Re}_s$ values spanning the secondary and tertiary bifurcation loci. At $\varOmega =-1$ , the primary bifurcation yields an oscillatory state (spiral/helical vortex flow) that gives birth to another oscillatory state (interpenetrating spiral vortices) and a non-periodic state (non-propagating interpenetrating spirals, NIS) as secondary and tertiary bifurcations, respectively, with NIS being characterized by the absence of frequency peaks in the power spectrum of the scattered light intensity. For all transitions at $\varOmega < 0$ , the critical values of $\mbox {Re}_s^c(\phi )$ decrease with increasing $\phi$ , with more destabilizing effects of particles being found at larger $|\varOmega |$ . The effect of particle loading is found to (i) decrease the amplitude and (ii) increase the wavelength of wavy vortices, with the latter seeming to be responsible for the decreased propagation frequencies of azimuthal waves with increasing $\phi$ . The normalized rotation frequency of spiral vortices also decreases with increasing $\mbox {Re}_s$ and $\phi$ , and a scaling relation in terms of the relative viscosity is found to collapse the frequency data for all $\phi$ .

&lt;p&gt;Vertical temperature profile close to the ground controls many micrometeorological processes. These include development of inversion layer, occurrence of fog, pollution dispersion and vertical transport of heat and moisture. &amp;#160;We here present results from an extensive field study, conducted at the observation site next to the north runway at the Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru, India (13.208&amp;#176;N, 77.704&amp;#176;E). At the site, we have deployed a HATPRO microwave radiometer, a Windcube Lidar, a set of 4-component radiative flux sensors, a weather station, a 2m mast carrying humidity and temperature sensors for monitoring temperature and humidity, along with a soil temperature profiler and two soil heat flux sensors. With this arrangement at the site, we continuously monitor the vertical profile of temperature, relative and absolute humidity from surface to 10 km height.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Evening transition of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) observed during and after the sunset (under calm and clear sky conditions) indicates the development of Lifted Temperature Minimum (LTM) type vertical temperature profiles at the site. Boundary layer cooling observed after the sunset extends more than 200 m from the surface. Cooling is strong near the ground. This leads to formation of penetrative-convection layer close to the ground. Above this unstable convective layer, a stable inversion layer develops that extends to several hundred meters in height.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We will present results from the numerical simulation of the ABL, by initializing from the radiometer observed vertical profile of temperature before sunset. Numerical simulations are based on a high-resolution, one-dimensional radiation model, coupled with ground temperature with and without aerosols&#039; presence. LTM height, intensity, and its evolution with time observed from the field experiments and simulations have been compared and analyzed regarding radiation budget, aerosol property, number density, and soil emissivity. Results presented here indicate that the observed temperature profile in the field experiments matches closely with the simulations only when the presence of aerosols is considered in the numerical simulations. A high concentration of the aerosol in the surface layer, close to the ground enhances the radiative cooling and leads to the formation of the LTM profile.&lt;/p&gt;