Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology to analyze the risks present in perishable food supply chain and to determine the most effective risk mitigation strategies. It is achieved by understanding the dynamics between various risks in perishable food supply chain and modeling them using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). Design/methodology/approach Four categories and 17 types of risk are established from literature and conducting brainstorming sessions with managers/engineers in Indian dairy firms. A methodology is proposed using ISM, risk priority number and risk mitigation number to prioritize risk mitigation strategy decisions for the dairy industry. Findings For a perishable food supply chain, risk positioned at lower levels (levels 1 or 2) in the hierarchy should be targeted first, while formulating mitigation strategies. To investigate further, risk- enabling factors which are identified for an Indian dairy firm for these levels 1 and 2 risks and mitigation strategy prioritization show that supplier side risks are more dominant followed by market risks and process risks. Research limitations/implications This proposed methodology has not been statistically validated or empirically tested, and factors taken are in the Indian context, but the authors believe that the study is highly relevant to other markets as well because the ISM-based analysis is for generic perishable food supply chain environment. Practical implications This study provides a useful approach to managers/decision makers to identify, analyze and prioritize risk in the supply chain. It also provides insights into the mutual relationships of supply chain risks which would help them to focus on the effective risk mitigation strategies formulation. The study provides the insights to benchmark and risk management in the dairy industry environment with priority considerations. Originality/value This paper provides an integrated approach to identifying, quantify, analyze, evaluate and mitigate the risks of perishable food (in the dairy environment) in the Indian context.

Purpose The research on supply chain risk management (SCRM) is visibly on the rise, although its literature still lacks the state of the art that critically analyzes its content. The SCRM literature seems to require studies that utilize risk typology, sources of risk, etc. for reviewing the topic. The purpose of this paper is to bridge the gap by synthesizing the information obtained from 343 articles across 85 journals. This study also presents a critical analysis of the content of SCRM in a structured manner to identify the directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review (SLR) was devised and adopted, which involved the selection, classification, and evaluation of 343 research articles published over a period of 11 years (2004-2014). The content of extant SCRM literature was critically analyzed and synthesized from the perspective of the risk management process (RMP). Findings The analysis of extant literature shows that there is a marked rise in research in the SCRM area, especially after the year 2005. It was observed that not only risk but also different forms of uncertainties make supply chain (SC) operations difficult to manage. The SCRM actions yielded most benefits when their implementation was at chain or network level and managed strategically. The analysis also reveals that the manufacturing sector is most affected by risks and highly investigated by researchers. Practical implications A complete process for SCRM based on risk stratification, objectives of risk management, and RMP will be a guiding model for firms to manage risks. The research gaps identified and future directions provided here will encourage researchers and managers to devise new methods, tools, and techniques to address the risks in modern SC operations. Originality/value An SLR and risk-based content classification of SCRM literature were performed. To identify, locate, select, and analyze the SCRM literature, a structured and systematic process was adopted with some very rarely used methods such as two levels of search keywords, and strings were formulated to locate the most relevant articles in major academic databases.

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In India, Supply Chain Management (SCM) has gained significant importance due to opening up of domestic economy as a result of globalization. However, a review of literature revealed that not many papers are available which attempt to document and understand the importance of SCM within the Indian business context. Hence, the purpose of this research is to fill in this research gap by analyzing the contributions of academicians and practitioners addressing various supply chain issues—specifically from an Indian perspective. Papers focusing on SCM scenario in India were collected from multiple sources by following the established methodologies available in the literature for carrying out such reviews. Furthermore, a new taxonomy was proposed on the basis of content and research methodology utilized. Based on this taxonomy, significant trends were observed and some unique inferences were drawn, apart from identifying the directions for future research. It is hoped that this work would add value by offering a unique contribution to the body of knowledge on SCM, as there is no article available in the literature, which has attempted to summarize the works from India related to SCM.

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PurposeThis research aims to outline the key factors responsible for industry 4.0 (I4.0) application in industries and establish a factor stratification model.Design/methodology/approachThis article identifies the factor pool responsible for I4.0 from the extant literature. It aims to identify the set of key factors for the I4.0 application in the manufacturing industry and validate, classify factor pool using appropriate statistical tools, for example, factor analysis, principal component analysis and item analysis.FindingsThis study would shed light on critical factors and subfactors for implementing I4.0 in manufacturing industries from the factor pool. This study would shed light on critical factors and subfactors for implementing I4.0 in manufacturing industries. Strategy, leadership and culture are found key elements of transformation in the journey of I4.0. Additionally, design and development in the digital twin, virtual testing and simulations were also important factors to consider by manufacturing firms.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed I4.0 factor stratification model will act as a starting point while designing strategy, adopting readiness index for I4.0 and creating a roadmap for I4.0 application in manufacturing. The I4.0 factors identified and validated in this paper will act as a guide for policymakers, researchers, academicians and practitioners working on the implementation of Industry 4.0. This work establishes a solid groundwork for developing an I4.0 maturity model for manufacturing industries.Originality/valueThe existing I4.0 literature is critically examined for creating a factor pool that further presented to experts to ensure sufficient rigor and comprehensiveness, particularly checking the relevance of subfactors for the manufacturing sector. This work is an attempt to identify and validate major I4.0 factors that can impact its mass adoption that is further empirically tested for factor stratification.

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Corrosion, erosion and abrasion, or combinations of these mechanisms, are the main cause of degradation of materials used in marine, aircraft, waste incinerators, power generation, chemical, and paper and pulp industries. One possible way to address these problems is by applying a thin layer of wear and corrosion resistant coatings. Due to the continuously rising cost of materials as well as increased material requirements, coating techniques have been given more importance in recent times. Among the different coatings techniques, high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying process is a new and rapidly developing technology, which can yield high density coatings with porosity less than 1%, having high hardness and adhesion values, and good erosion, corrosion and wear resistance properties. The very high kinetic energy of the powder particles in the HVOF process results in the deposition of high quality coatings. It is possible to obtain a coating thickness of more than 1.5 mm with careful control of cooling to reduce residual stresses. The purpose of this paper is to review the physical, mechanical, erosion-corrosion and wear properties of the HVOF coatings and effects of deposition parameters of the process on the properties of the coatings.