This chapter will identify and elaborate on the migratory phenomenon, or migration, in general, indicating the displacement of one person or group of people, which can happen within the same country (internal migration) or through crossing international borders (international migration). International migration, therefore, involves the country of provenance/origin of the person and one or more countries of transit, and finally, a country of destination. The term migration, therefore, embraces all types of displacements without distinction in terms of temporal, spatial, and causal amplitude. It includes economic, environmental, forced migration, family reunification, and other variants. Consequently, the migrant is a person who, for whatever reason, moves from the country of origin. However, the definition of a migrant is not universally accepted.
The complex phenomenon of migration has always accompanied human existence, concerning movements of entire populations or tribes migrating to different regions in the hope of finding better living conditions. Precarious living standards, a climate of violence and wars, environmental degradation, economic prospects of misery, and a growing gap between poorer and richer countries form the basis of the complexity that characterizes this phenomenon. Migratory movements involve the movement of millions of people every year from one place to another around the world; according to the UNHCR, as many as 5% of the world's population are migrants, with millions of people uprooted from their places of residence and life, including millions of refugees outside their country of origin, as well as millions of internally displaced people who have fled war and persecution including several million asylum seekers.
This chapter investigates within the realm of political communication transformational and transactional leadership during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. It attempts to identify which qualities and styles political leaders need to incorporate in the face of such challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses on the actions taken by Trump, Johnson, Marin, and Ardern within the fields of public health strategies, education, and employment to draw a clear and contrasting portrait of the political landscape regarding trustworthy and resilient leadership.
Diplomacy, in its international meaning, refers to the art and practice of negotiations between representatives of states or international organisations. In international relations, the interaction between said representatives can focus on aspects as diverse as war and peace, trade, economy, and culture. This chapter endeavours to shed light on the emerging new public diplomacy. Specifically, it introduces a competency model for new global diplomacy with several objectives. The first is the need to audit real power, which escapes international law legislation. The power audit suggests that one is facing a trilemma, a problem with three elements that require prioritization. The first point concerns the debate between freedom and security: how to reconcile both dimensions in the face of the growing threats to the integrity of people. The second is the balance between transparency and confidentiality. Third, it questions what public knowledge is when faced with Wikileaks and the Snowden leaks and how much it affects the relationships based on mutual trust.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.