Objectives:To determine the proportion of refractory status epilepticus (RSE) and super-RSE (SRSE) among patients with status epilepticus (SE) and to analyze RSE and non-RSE (NRSE) in terms of etiology and predictors for RSE.Materials and Methods:Patients were identified from discharge summaries database with keywords of SE and records of the portable electroencephalogram (EEG) machine from January 2011 to March 2016.Results:Two hundred and eighteen events were included in the study with 114 (52.3%) males, bimodal age preponderance age <5 years 30%, and second peak in age 15–65 years 52.8%, preexisting seizures were present in 34.4% (n = 75). Nearly 77.1% had NRSE (n = 168) and 22.9% had RSE (n = 50). This included 17 patients with SRSE (n = 17, 7.8% of all SE). Central nervous system (CNS) infection was a single largest etiological group in SE (69/218, 31.7%). In RSE, autoimmune encephalitis (17/50) and CNS infection (13/50) were the largest groups. De novo seizures (P = 0.007), low sensorium at admission (P = 0.001), low albumin at admission (P = 0.002), and first EEG being abnormal (P = 0.001) were risk factors on bivariate analysis. An unfavorable status epilepticus severity score (STESS) was predictive for RSE (P = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, de novo seizures (P = 0.009) and abnormal EEG at admission (P = 0.03) were predictive for RSE.Conclusions:Fifty patients had RSE (22.9%), of which 17 went on to become SRSE (7.8%). Unfavorable STESS score was predictive for RSE on bivariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, de novo seizures and abnormal initial EEG were predictors of RSE.

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Objective To study the trends for pediatric epilepsy surgery between 2000 and 2014 in a tertiary epilepsy surgery center in India in order to gain a lower‐ and middle‐income country (LMIC) perspective. Methods Children aged <18 years and undergoing epilepsy surgery were divided into three groups based on the year that they underwent surgery—group 1: year 2000–2004; group 2: year 2005–2009; and group 3: year 2010–2014. Data including the rate of surgery, type of surgery, and duration of epilepsy before referral were analyzed from the medical records and compared. Results Between 2000 and 2014, 463 pediatric epilepsy surgeries were performed. The proportion of pediatric epilepsy surgeries showed an increasing trend—218 (total 510 surgeries, 42.74%) in group 3, compared with 115 (total 375 surgeries, 30.66%) in group 1 and 130 (total 466 surgeries, 27.9%) in group 2. A significant decrease in the age at evaluation and duration of epilepsy before referral was noted between 2000 and 2014, particularly in patients belonging to the lowest income group. There was a two‐fold increase in the number of extratemporal surgeries over time. The proportion of children undergoing surgery for benign tumors, cortical malformations, and gliosis/atrophy showed an upward trend while that for mesial temporal sclerosis did not show an increase. Significance Promising trends in pediatric epilepsy surgery were noted with increasing number of surgeries and decreasing age at presurgical evaluation. Seen from an LMIC perspective, this reflects an evolution in the practice of pediatric epilepsy surgery, mirroring trends in high‐income countries.

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