Although infantile tremor syndrome is considered a rare entity, we present a typical case of this disorder. This case reinforces the association of infantile tremor syndrome with exclusive breastfeeding in infants and the absence of proper complementary feeding. A nine-month-old, irritable, listless, exclusively breastfed female presented with grade 2 malnutrition, tremors, hyperpigmentation, scarce scalp hair, and delayed developmental milestones. Laboratory investigations revealed macrocytic anemia and a low serum vitamin B12 value of 205 pg/dL. Cerebral and mild cerebellar atrophy were noted on the MRI brain scan. Accordingly, the patient was diagnosed with infantile tremor syndrome and treated with vitamin B12 and nutrient supplementation with zinc, magnesium, folic acid, and iron. The tremors improved and the child became responsive and interested in her surroundings. It is essential to recognize this condition at the earliest and initiate treatment. Basic interventions such as the promotion of proper nutrition, timely introduction of complementary feeding, and weaning practices are key factors in decreasing the incidence of this condition.
Background: About 5-10% of the population get at least one seizure in their lifetime. Treatment is started in patients with first unprovoked seizure if the risk of seizure recurrence is predicted to be high. If patients with first seizure are not treated 40-50% of patients develop recurrence within 2 years of the initial seizure. Starting treatment may cause reduction in the risk of recurrence by almost one half. The aim of the study was to identify the factors causing recurrence in patients with first unprovoked seizure. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at Nobel Medical College from March 2015 to March 2019. Patients who presented to Nobel Medical College with first unprovoked seizure were enrolled in the study with follow up during the hospital visit. Results: Eighty six patients participated in our study. Recurrence of seizure occurred in 21(24.4%) patients within the study period of 4 years. Abnormal Electroencephalography was significantly associated with recurrence of seizure in patients with first seizure. (P value<0.001) Neuro imaging abnormality was also associated with increased risk of seizure recurrence (Pvalue<0.001) .Starting an antiepileptic after first seizure reduced the risk of further seizure. Conclusion: Recurrence of seizure was observed in almost a quarter of patients within the study period of four years. Recurrence risk was higher in those patients with abnormal Electro encephalography and in those patients with identified cause than those patients whose seizure was assumed to be idiopathic.
Background: Cephalic index is one of the important craniofacial parameters which is commonly used for investigating the length and breadth of the head. Cephalic Index (CI) is defined as the ratio between maximum breadth of the head and the maximum length of the head multiplied by 100. Body mass index (BMI) is a nutritional marker of the body derived from the measurement of height (in m2) and weight (in kg). Aims and Objective: To analyse the effect of BMI on the CI. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted from April 2021 to June 2021 with sample size of 200 children of age groups 5-8 years from Ramnagar Gaupalika of Sarlahi, Province 2, of Nepal. We measured the cephalic index of the children and asked a set of structured questionnaire to the guardian or parent of the children. Height and weight of the children were also measured and BMI was determined. Data analysis was completed using SPSS version 16. Results: The mean age of the participants was 6.56 years, BMI of 18.09 and cephalic index (CI) of 81.82. The mean CI in males and females were 82.05 and 81.59 respectively. Our results show significant association between BMI category and CI category (chisquare test, p-value=0.000), mode of delivery and BMI category (chisquare test, p=0.042) and significant negative correlation between BMI and CI (Pearson’s R=-0.591, p=0.037). Conclusion: The most common pattern of CI was hyperbrachycephalic in the children of low BMI whereas the pattern of CI in case of the normal BMI was the mesocephalic type. It also confirmed that the sexual dimorphism exists in both the low BMI and the normal BMI.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.