Markedly obese patients have an increased risk of complications from surgery, regardless of the approach. Our data suggest that laparoscopic renal and adrenal surgery is technically feasible in the markedly and morbidly obese patient, and compared with open surgery results in significantly decreased blood loss, quicker return of bowel function, less analgesic requirement, shorter convalescence and reduced hospital stay.
Normal human urothelial cells contain basal NF-kappaB complexes in an inactivated state. When these cells are challenged by different agents such as TNF-alpha, LPS, and dsRNA, the cells respond by activation of the NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway, degradation of its inhibitor, IkappaB-alpha, and translocation of this primary factor into the nucleus to induce specific genetic responses such as IL-8 expression.
Vascular compression causing obstruction of the superior infundibulum can cause debilitating pain. Pathophysiologically operative intervention can be nephron sparing and gratifying for the surgeon and the patient.
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