All the cases of suspected bronchial malignancy were included in present study in which broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial biopsy samples were received in pathology department for evaluation. Respective bronchial brushings & sputum samples were also studied where ever available. Cross sectional study.In our study, correctly diagnosed adenocarcinoma of lung on BAL were 27.7%, sqaumous cell carcinoma were 26.6%, small cell carcinoma were 40% and BAL cytodiagnosis from miscellaneous tumor could only be made in 14.2% cases. Endobronchial biopsy and BAL, both were studied, sensitivity of cases increases and number of false negative cases decreases for diagnosis. Bronchial brushing has better sensitivity than BAL for diagnosis of lung carcinoma. Sputum is less sensitive than bronchial brushing for diagnosis of lung carcinoma.
Background: IGF-1R is a transmembrane receptor belongs to class of tyrosine kinase receptors, found in many tumors and is often associated with an aggressive phenotype. IGF-1R is important for regulation of growth, differentiation and apoptosis, as such, could be a pre¬ferred target for therapeutic interventions.Aim: Investigate the expression pattern of IGF-1R in different histological grades of cutaneous and mucocutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and correlate with clinicopathological prognostic factors.
Materials:Forty-eight specimens of cSCC were stained immunohistochemically with IGF-1R monoclonal antibody and correlated with different clinicopathologic factors.Results: All tumors showed a degree of positivity of IGF-1R cytoplasmic and membranous expression, however; with variable degrees. High grade tumors had significantly higher IGF-1R expression than low grade tumors. IGF-1R expression showed a strong positive correlation with the tumor grade (P<0.001). Also, IGF-1R expression showed a significant relation with the depth of invasion of SCC (P<0.001).
Conclusion:IGF-1R expression is significantly associated with high grade in cutaneous and mucocutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and also associated with tumors showing deeper invasion; therefore, IGF-1R may have a role pathogenesis and progression of cutaneous and mucocutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
Background and Method: Bleeding time is a basic blood test that looks at how fast small blood vessels close to stop bleeding. This test helps diagnose bleeding problems. Pre-requisites-Certain medications including dextran, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and salicylates (including aspirin) may change the test results. Result: Inherited bleeding disorders involve males (17%, n=104) more commonly than females (6%, n=96). However statistically no gender association could be obtained in inherited bleeding disorders as P = 0.125 (P > 0.05).Among 200 cases, 106 cases (53%) have mild anemia (Hb-7-12 g/dl) while 80 cases (40%) presented with severe anemia (Hb-<7g/dl). 89% cases are found to share clinical & hematological findings while no correlation seen in 11% cases.
Conclusion:Our endeavor here is to evaluate bleeding disorders on the available resources in the department and help the clinicians to have an idea of the hematological changes seen on light microscopy, for deciding the treatment of the diseases. Of all the bleeding disorders, platelet disorders (74%) are more common than coagulation disorders (15%).
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