Ureteral duplication is a developmental anomaly leading to many complications in children. The Weigert-Meyer law states that 'In a complete ureteral duplication, the ureter whose orifice is more medial and caudal reaches the upper moiety and the other ureter whose orifice is more lateral and cephalad reaches the lower renal moiety'. This law has been observed universally in cases of ureteral duplication. The possible complications of double ureter and duplex system include obstruction, lithiasis, ureterocele and vesico-ureteral reflux. Hence it is important to recognize this entity for early intervention and to prevent complications. We are publishing one such rare case in a 10 month old child with review of literature.
Vasculitis involves a wide spectrum of clinicopathological process with reactive damage to the involved blood vessels. There is loss of vessel integrity instigating haemorrhage & luminal compromise leading to ischemia and necrosis of the tissue supplied by the involved vessels. It may affect varied size and type of blood vessels at different locations. It may be primary or secondary to systemic disease. It may involve a single organ like skin or may involve different organ systems at the same time. This case series include six cases of cutaneous vasculitis affecting different organs with varied presentations. Skin biopsies of six patients with unusual presentations were studied. Their complete history, physical examinations, laboratory investigations including serology were analysed and correlated with histopathological findings. The patients presented with different duration of symptoms varying from as short as 15 days to 1 year. Skin lesions were present in all cases while cardiac manifestation was seen in one. Serology and autoimmune disease markers were negative in all cases except one. However, histopathological features were in concordance with the clinical diagnosis of vasculitis. They were further classified as vasculitis secondary to Churg Strauss syndrome, venous stasis, Henoch Schonlein purpura or leucocytoclastic vasculitis.Vasculitis though a rare disease may manifest as an acute or chronic condition. It needs timely diagnosis by histopathological examination to aid in further management. It is important to assess the clinical severity in primary and secondary vasculitis, as it determines morbidity and mortality.
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