A modern application of composite hollow fibre membrane derived from hydroxyapatite cow bone and kaolin has been developed in wastewater treatment. The common fabrication method, a process that combined both phase inversion and sintering technique was used to fabricate the membranes. The hollow fibers membrane were developed using the spinning process by using a dope that have ratio of 20:20 (kaolin:cow bone hydroxyapatite). The sintering temperature that used in this study are 1000 °C, 1100 °C, 1200 °C and 1300 °C. The effect of sintering temperature on hollow fiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3-point bending and pure water flux. The results showed that the hollow fibre membrane sintered at 1200 °C showed a unique membrane’s morphology, the highest mechanical strength (13.33 Mpa) and a stable pure water flux (140.6 L/m2h).
In this work, polysulfone (PSf)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) mixed matrix membrane were prepared were prepared by using phase inversion technique for ultrafiltration application. The prepared PSf/HAp mixed matrix membrane were characterized in term of morphological and physicochemical properties by using SEM, contact angle measurement, membrane tensile measurement and membrane porosity. Meanwhile the performance of PSf/HAp mixed matrix membrane was conducted in term of pure water flux (PWF) by using permeability machine. The surface morphology of the MMMs showed the increasing pore number and size as the concentration of HAp increase. The increment weight ratio of the HAp in PSf membrane enhanced the membrane water flux from 113.44 L/m2.h.bar to 228.13 L/m2.h.bar due to increased porosity of the membrane. Meanwhile, the strength of the membrane was increased from 3.82 MPa to 5.2 MPa as HAp increases from 0 to 1.0 wt.% and decreased to 2.49 MPa at 1.5 wt.% HAp. This study suggested that HAp is a promising candidate as additive that can improve PSf membrane performance.
Due to its superior behaviour, membrane separation has been applied widely towards water and wastewater treatment. Compare to polymeric counterparts, ceramic membrane has become innovation technology nowadays as it can be used both separation and adsorption application. The conventional ceramic membrane made from alumina, however, in view of its high-cost output. As a result, exploring to a cheap ceramic material derived from clay and waste is gaining attention. In this study, hydroxyapatite derived from cow bone waste and kaolin were used as the main materials for the fabrication of ceramic hollow fibre membrane via phase inversion and sintering technique. The membrane composition was varied through kaolin:hydroxyapatite ration into three composition (40:0, 0:40, 20:20). Result showed the ceramic membrane fabricated from 20 wt% kaolin and 20 wt% hydroxyapatite induces excellent performance at water flux of 10168.5 L/m².h and mechanical strength at 13.33 MPa.
In this work, polysulfone (PSf)/hydroxyapatite (HAp) ultrafiltration mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were prepared for wastewater treatment by using phase inversion method. The effect of hydroxyapatite (HAp) dispersion on the PSf/PVP membrane surface were investigated. Characterizations were done to observe the distribution of HAp on the membrane surface by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD analysis showed the crystallinity of the HAp derived from cow bone. The dispersion of HAp in polymer matrix is a promising materials that can change the structure of the PSf membrane.
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