Abstract. This paper presents results of an experimental study for concrete column filled poly vinyl chloride (PVC) tubes confined by plain socket with 5.8 & 6.8 mm thicknesses, 102 mm diameter and 100 mm depth. The total of five concrete filled columns using PVC tubes (CFT PVC) was tested to investigate the columns' behaviour. The column is 700 mm height, 100 mm external diameter and 3.5 mm tube thickness with different thickness of plain socket. The results presented include maximum axial load, plain socket confinement effect, the mode of failure, and lateral PVC strain. The axial load enhancement of PVC-concrete columns confined using plain socket shows an increment of 21.3% up to 55.2% and axial strain from 21% to 40% compared with displacement for control composite columns at 192 kN ultimate load.
The removal of phosphorus from wastewater is a common procedure. Improving water quality is the aim of wastewater treatment. There are many types of conventional methods that have been used for the removal of phosphorus. Phosphorus reaction with chemicals can be removed immediately from water. However, the use of chemicals often increases the cost of wastewater treatment. This study aims to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of RCA that influence the removal of phosphorus, as well as the percentage of phosphorus removal using RCA of two different sizes namely, 5 mm to 10 mm and 25 mm to 30 mm. The samples taken from the influent and effluent filters were tested and analysed in terms of the uptake capacity of phosphorus (q) and the percentage of phosphorus removal (%). The highest percentage of phosphorus removal achieved was 99.54% in the initial concentration of 10 mg/L by RCA measuring between 5 mm to 10 mm while the lowest percentage of phosphorus removal was 66.25% in the initial concentration of 50 mg/L for RCAs measuring between 25 mm to 30 mm. Furthermore, RCA achieved the highest uptake capacity (q) of 3.45 mg/L in the initial wastewater concentration of 50 mg/L. In conclusion, RCA has the potential to remove phosphorus, particularly in low concentrations of synthetic wastewater and high pH conditions.
These days, sustainability has become a primary concern as the large amount of natural resources are being used to produce materials such as concrete. Concrete from the construction industry constitutes the major proportion of construction waste. This could bring negative impact including depletion of natural resources, pollution, increasing landfill space, and high cost of waste disposal. All of these negative impacts are the sustainability issues that should be concentrated on. Hence, alternative methods have been introduced in order to reduce waste by recycling concrete waste. One of the alternative methods that can be used is by reusing recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) from discarded waste cubes. RCA can be used to produce new concrete but it will generally have a lower performance compared to normal concrete. Thus, the present study introduces an alternative method which is by reusing the RCA as a water filter medium to remove phosphorus from wastewater. Phosphorus is one of the inorganic compounds found in wastewater that can lead to environmental problems such as eutrophication. Based on previous studies, many types of materials with various chemical compositions have been used for phosphorus removal from wastewater. Therefore, this study demonstrates the ability of RCA as an alternative method for phosphorus removal from wastewater. In addition, three different factors have been considered in the removal of phosphorus namely, different initial concentration of phosphorus, different sizes of RCA and dosage of RCA used during the treatment process. Based on the experiments conducted, the lowest initial concentration of phosphorus of 10 mg/L, the smallest RCA size ranging between 0mm to 5mm and the highest RCA dosage of 50g resulted in the highest percentage of phosphorus removal in wastewater.
Bamboo regained popularity as a reinforcement for concrete, especially in simple construction because of its high in tensile strength. Bamboo’s material that has a fast reproduction which increases its suitability to use as a sustainable source especially in construction works. However, when bio-based materials in general, and bamboo in particular, are expected to be used in construction, the sensitivity to moisture and their durability are usually questionable. Physical and mechanical properties bamboo should be improved by treated with chemical to prevent the bamboo from insects, pesticides and ensure the longevity of bamboo. Bamboo fibres are mainly used as a natural reinforcement in concrete that can minimize energy consumption, protect non-renewable natural resources, reduce pollution and maintain a healthy environment. Therefore, this study was to review and collect data for physical and mechanical properties of concrete containing bamboo as a natural reinforcement. The addition percentages of bamboo fibres 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%, used in the research were evaluated. Overall, the bamboo fibres as reinforced concrete for 1.0% to 1.5% are the best ratio of mix designation that have significant increase in compressive and tensile strength that tested and reviewed after 28 days of curing. Meanwhile, the density test for concrete is shown lower compared to the British Standard of steel as reinforced in concrete. The treated bamboo that used chemical treatment were improved the bonding strength and reduced water absorption more than 50% compared to the untreated bamboo. Form the review that have been done, bamboo as reinforces in concrete are suitable for lightweight construction building.
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