A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a large number of randomly deployed sensor nodes. These sensor nodes organize themselves into a cooperative network and perform the three basic functions of sensing, computations and communications. Research in WSNs has become an extensive explorative area during the last few years, especially due to the challenges offered, energy constraints of the sensors being one of them. In this paper, a thorough comprehensive study of the energy conservation challenges in wireless sensor networks is carried out. The need for effective utilization of limited power resources is also emphasized, which becomes pre-eminent to the Wireless Sensor Networks

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Background and Aim:Ischemic manifestations and cerebral dysfunction have been demonstrated in diabetes. However, the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced cerebral dysfunction still remains to be elucidated. Hence, the present study was initiated.Materials and Methods:Type-2 diabetes was induced in albino rats (280–300g) with alloxan monohydrate (40 mg/Kg i.v.,) and the cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata of the brain were used 48 h after alloxan injection for modulations in acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) activity.Results:AChE activity in the discrete regions of the brain of rats decreased significantly (P<0.01, 0.05 and 0.05 respectively) in diabetes. In vitro studies using cerebral extract from alloxan diabetic rats demonstrated significant (P<0.05) inhibition of AChE activity in the brain of normal animals. Feeding with Cichorium intybus (chicory) leaf extract (500 mg/Kg) for 10 days resulted in an increase in AChE activity.Conclusion:The impairment in the glycemic control is the basic mechanism causing inhibition of neuronal activity. Cerebral extract from alloxan diabetic rats significantly inhibited the brain AChE activity of normal animals, indicating the presence of an inhibiting factor in the cerebrum of diabetic rats. Cichorium intybus when fed for 10 days offered neuroprotection by stimulating AChE activity.

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of a large number of randomly deployed sensor nodes. These sensor nodes organize themselves into a cooperative network and perform the three basic functions of sens-ing, computations and communications. Research in WSNs has become an extensive explorative area during the last few years, especially due the challenges offered, energy constraints of the sensors being one of them. In this paper, the need for effective utilization of limited power resources is emphasized, which becomes pre-eminent to the Wireless Sensor Networks. Organizing the network to achieve balanced clusters based on assigning equal number of sensors to each cluster may have the consequence of unbalanced load on the clus-ter heads. This results in an unbalanced consumption of energy by the nodes, cumulatively leading to mini-mization of network lifetime. In this paper, we put forth a Sink administered Load balanced Dynamic Hier-archical Protocol (SLDHP) to balance the load on the principal nodes. Hierarchical layout of the sensors en-dows the network with considerable minimization of energy consumption of nodes leading to an increased lifespan. Simulation results indicate significant improvement of performance over Base station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol (BCDCP)

Research in Wireless Sensor Networks has become data. Wireless Sensor Network technology has the potential an extensive explorative area during the last few years. In this to change the way we live, work and do business, with paper we emphasize the need for repositioning of the Consoli-applications in entertainment, travel, retail industry, disaster dating and Advancing node, (CAN: Principal Node) to improve and emergency management. It is an increasingly attractive network lifetime in terms of energy and other QoS parameters ans of mangem ental cndiios ato such as latency and throughput. We also address issues related means of monitoring environmental conditions and to to its repositioning such as the time and position of relocation bridge the gap between the physical and the virtual world. and the control of its movement without causing negative impact Application areas for WSNs include geophysical monitoring, on the performance of the WSN. Mobility factor is exploited to precision agriculture habitat monitoring transportation, support QoS requirements. We present a scheme called Energy pision agric e, habitat mto Conserving Relocation (ECR) to pursue relocation of CAN to mlitary system, business process etc. a safe location on demand. ECR performs relocation based on the minimum energy concept of sensor nodes. The concept of WSNs are subjected to various resource constraints. The repositioning adds a new dimension to the existing Heterogeneous constraints are energy, bandwidth, memory and processing Wireless Sensor Network. It is observed through simulation ability. Among them, energy is of prime concern since it that lifetime of the network, average energy consumption and QoS parameters are much better when compared to earlier is severely constrained at the sensor nodes and it is not algorithms.feasible to replace or recharge the battery of sensor nodes y Service, that are often deployed in hostile environment. As a result, Index Terms-Wireless Sensor Networks, Quality of ths ontant mos nimotntrqirmn o n Consolidating and Advancing Node, Energy Conserving Reloca-these constraints impose an important requirement on any tion, Repositioning.QoS support mechanism. Energy efficiency is a critical design issue in WSNs, where each sensor node relies on its limited battery power for data acquisition, processing, I. INTRODUCTION transmission and reception. As the sensor nodes are typically A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a spatially very small and powered by irreplaceable battery, energy distributed autonomous system which is a collection of control becomes primary and also the most challenging power-conscious wireless sensors without the support problem in designing sensor networks [2]. In WSNs, each of pre-existing infrastructure. A co-operative system is sensor node has a different energy consumption rate due created, formed by a group of specialized transducers with to inequality in event sensing and distance from the Base communication infrastructure intended to monitor and record Station. This leads to energy...