Safe drinking water has become an emotive issue in Assam, primarily with fluoride, arsenic and iron contamination. Unfortunately, fluoride contamination is a very recent issue that has been observed in various districts of Assam. This study intends to assess the ground water scenario of greater Guwahati and identify the iron and fluoride affected areas. Eight different locations have been selected within the city and the sources were mainly boring deep tube wells, ring wells and tube well. The investigation reveals that iron and fluoride are the points of concern in the areas considered for the study. The concentration of iron was found to be high in almost all the locations, maximum being 8.59mg/l, reflecting the water quality to be unsafe for drinking directly from the source. Moreover, in case of fluoride, out of eight monitoring sites, two locations namely 'Satgaon' and 'Hatigaon' were observed to be crossing the permissible limits of 1.5mg/l, with 2mg/l and 1.6mg/l respectively. The other water quality parameters like pH, conductivity, alkalinity, chloride, total hardness, calcium, magnesium and nitrate were found to be within the permissible limit.
Industrial effluent Management is one of the major environmental concerns, especially in developing countries under rapid industrialization. The grossly polluting industries recognized by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), such as Pulp and Paper Industries, poses even bigger environmental threats, owing to quantity and quality of effluent generated. This paper aimed at analyzing effluent management practices in pulp and paper industries in India, and asses the performance variability of a paper mill effluent treatment plant (ETP), as a Case Study. Majority of pulp and paper industries found to still employ conventional methods of effluent treatment. Although, most of the parameters of treated effluent are commonly reported within CPCB’s permissible discharge limits, the treatment is usually cost and energy intensive, and produce high amount of solid residuals as sludge. For the case study paper mill ETP, the treatment efficiencies of the ETP units were analyzed under variable inlet pH, TSS, TDS, BOD and COD loads. The pH variations in the range of 6.5 to 9 had little effect of COD or TSS removal, however removal efficiencies were higher for larger inlet COD or TSS loads. The results of the study could be helpful in optimizing operation of the existing ETPs, as well as, guiding on upgrading ETPs with more cost-effective and efficient units.
Chromium (VI) is one of the highly toxic heavy metals. It is widely used in a number of industries like metallurgical, electroplating, paints, pigments, inks, fungicides and photography. It enters into the natural water bodies through the industrial effluents creating water pollution. Therefore its removal from waste water is considered to be very important. The removal of Cr (VI) by using agricultural waste as sugarcane bagasse from aqueous solution was investigated as a function of change in pH at temperature 28±1ºC, concentration 1.987×10 -4 M and particle size < 55μm. The removal of Cr (VI) on chemically modified sugarcane bagasse (MSB) was nearly 11% higher against unmodified sugarcane bagasse (USB). So the acidic pH of the medium promoted the rate of Cr (VI) removal on the adsorbent while inhibited at neutral or alkaline pH and gave good fit for adsorption kinetics equation during the study.
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