Human breast milk contains numerous biomolecules. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most abundant component of breast milk, after lactose and lipids. Amongst the synthetized HMOs, 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) are widely studied and are considered safe for infant nutrition. Several studies have reported the health benefits of HMOs, which include modulation of the intestinal microbiota, anti-adhesive effect against pathogens, modulation of the intestinal epithelial cell response, and development of the immune system. The amount and diversity of HMOs are determined by the genetic background of the mothers (HMO secretors or non-secretors). The non-secretor mothers secrete lower HMOs than secretor mothers. The breastfed infants of secretor mothers gain more health benefit than those of non-secretor mothers. In conclusion, supplementation of infant formula with 2′-FL and LNnT is a promising innovation for infant nutrition.

This study aimed to find the accuracy of the HPSA test with the CLO test in diagnosing helicobacter pylori gastritis in children. The cross sectional study conducted on 57 children with gastritis in October 2019 up to May 2020. Subject were children between two until eighteen years old who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. HPSA examination was performed on the patient's stool sample using rapid immunochromatographic monoclonal antibody test for qualitative detection of H. pylori bacteria in human feces. From 57 samples, there were 37 children positively infected H. pillory. There were no difference in characteristics in the study population. The diagnostic value of the HPSA test showed a sensitivity and specificity of 83.8% and 95%. The positive and negative predictive value are 96.9% and 76% (PPV and NPV) with positive and negative likelihood ratio (LR + and LR-) are 16.76% and 0.17%, and an accuracy value of 87.7%.

Background: Diarrhea is a condition in which feces are discharged from the bowel in loose consistency or even liquid form, and the frequency is usually more often ( usually three times or more) in one day. Non-hygienic lifestyles, such as not washing hands before consuming food and after doing activities can cause negative impact to health, particularly the occurrence of diseases that related to poor sanitation, such as diarrhea. The prevalence are more common by 10 % in rural areas compared to 7.4% in urban areas. Incidence rate in diarrhea tends to be higher in group with lower education whom work as farmer, fisherman, or labor. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the relationship of childrend`s knowledge about hand washing and diarrhea occurence. Methods: This study is an  analytic study with a cross sectional design. The data is primary data that were collected directly from respondents through questionnaire. The respondents were chosen by stratified random sampling method. Results: From data of 35 respondents, the p-value 0.005 ( p <0.05), PR value 0.364 ( 0.177 – 0.749). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between childrend`s knowledge about hand washing with diarrhea in Panobasan village. Keywords: children's knowledge, diarrhea, hand washing     Latar Belakang: Diare adalah suatu kondisi dimana seseorang buang air besar dengan konsistensi lembek atau cair, bahkan dapat berupa air saja dan frekuensinya lebih sering (biasanya tiga kali atau lebih) dalam satu hari. Kebiasaan kurang higienis berupa tidak mencuci tangan sebelum makan atau tidak mencuci tangan setelah melakukan aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan lingkungan dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan masyarakat, terutama munculnya penyakit yang berkaitan dengan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat yang rendah salah satunya yaitu diare. Prevalensi diare lebih banyak di pedesaan dibandingkan perkotaan, yaitu sebesar 10% di pedesaan dan 7,4 % di perkotaan. Diare cenderung lebih tinggi pada kelompok pendidikan rendah dan bekerja sebagai petani, nelayan dan buruh. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan anak tentang cuci tangan dengan kejadian diare. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi penelitian analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional, metode pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah data primer, yaitu data yang diperoleh langsung dari sampel menggunakan kuesioner. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan cara stratified random sampling. Hasil: Dari 135 responden, hubungan pengetahuan anak tentang cuci tangan dengan kejadian diare didapatkan hasil  dengan nilai p = 0,005 (p < 0,05), dan nilai PR = 0,364 (0,177 – 0,749). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahauan anak tentang cuci tangan dengan kejadian diare di desa Panobasan. Kata kunci: cuci tangan, diare, pengetahuan anak

This study aimed to determine the relationship between functional constipation with short stature. The cross sectional study was conducted on 134 students of 054870 Tanjung Jati Elementary School, Binjai sub-District, Langkat District in June 2019. Subjects were children between six until twelve years old who met the inclusion and exclusion criterias. Interview was carried out to establish the diagnosis of functional constipation. Short stature was determined based on anthropometric measurements. From 134 samples, there were 10 subjects suffering from functional constipation experiencing short stature and 26 subjects suffering from functional constipation did not experience short stature. There is no significant relationship between functional constipation and short stature (p=0.66

No abstract