Biological resources around neighborhood play important roles in the cultural development of the surrounding communities, including the use of plants. Wati (kava, Piper methysticum) is one of the species that has long been used as a traditional medicine and cultivated by Marind tribal community in the lowlands of Merauke, Papua. The aim of this study is to examine the use and domestication of wati plant by Marind tribe in Papua. Results of the study showed that wati plant has long been used by the Marind tribal community as a medicinal plant with high customary value. Each customary event includes wati plant as a complementary requirement for legitimate activities by the Marind tribe. It is the importance of customary values that led the domestication of wati plant done since 60 years ago on a small scale to eventually develop into plant called as "the Marind people's gold". Results of the observation showed that 93.8% of the Marind people have largely recognized wati plant, while 53.3% of the immigrant communities from outside the area recognized it, but only 33.3% knew about its utilization. Although not all indigenous elders cultivate it, they recognize, utilize, and understand the rules of using wati plant in traditional events and as traditional medicine. As traditional medicine, the parts used by Marind people use root (100.0%), stem (96.6%), and leaves (89.7%). For customary events, the most important parts are the whole plant (100.0%), stem (100.0%), leaves (98.3%) and roots (93.1%). Their children even recognize it and know its benefits, but most of them 31.25% only utilize it but are prohibited from participating in its preparation (0.0%). The domestication of this plant is quite unique because it is closed to the public and is still done by a conventional method.
Study on exploration of mycorrhizal association of terrestrial orchid of Cycloops Nature Reserve, Jayapura was done. The aims of this study were to collect terrestrial orchid and to isolate orchid mycorrhiza associated with it. Survey method was used in this study. Isolation of orchid mycorrhiza was based on modified methods of Masuhara and Katsuya (1989). The result showed that there were 10 species of terrestrial orchid in this area. Eleven orchid mycorrhizal fungi were isolated from five terrestrial orchids. Among them, 6 isolates were associated with Geodorum sp. From the seventeen mycorrhizal fungi, 3 isolates were identified, namely Rhizoctonia sp., Tulasnella sp., and Ceratorhiza sp, while the last fourteen isolates have not been identified yet. Mostly, each isolate has a specific orchid host, except species G (sp. G) which associated with Phaius sp. and Plocoglottis sp.
The aim of the study was to identify endophytic fungi associated with the roots of terrestrial orchid Phaius tankervilleae (Banks) Blume, Dendrobium lancifolium A. Rich var. papuanum and Calanthe triplicata (Willem) Ames from Papua, Indonesia. The endophytic fungi were isolated from the transversal section of the orchid roots. Identification of the endophytes was carried out based on the morphological characters. The phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences generated from ITS rDNA region of the endophytic fungi isolated from P. tankervilleae showed that those isolates were determined as Fusarium solani. This is the first report of F. solani found as endophyte of P. tankervilleae in Papua. While the ITS rDNA of Fusarium isolated from C. triplicata need to be sequenced for further identification.
AbstrakDaya dukung lingkungan (habitat) sangat berpengaruh terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup manusia. Usaha domestikasi tumbuhan pokem {Setaria italica (L.) Beauv} di Pulau Numfor Kabupaten Biak Numfor telah diusahakan sejak lama oleh masyarakat lokal. Tumbuhan yang termasuk kelompok rumput-rumputan (Familia: Poaceae) telah dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan lokal. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan dan proses budidaya yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat lokal di pulau Numfor sebagai upaya dalam memenuhi bahan pangan lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha budidaya pokem telah lama berlangsung secara turun-temurun sejak nenek moyang mereka tinggal di Pulau Numfor. Sistem budidaya yang mereka lakukan masih tergolong sederhana (konvensional). Masyarakat memanfaatkan lahan di sekitar kampung masing-masing karena mudah terjangkau. Sistem pertanian yang dilakukan masih dengan pola ladang berpindah. Kondisi sumber daya alam di wilayah pulau ini sangat terbatas. Kondisi tanah berkapur dan ketidaktersediaan tanaman sagu sebagaimana sumber bahan pangan utama orang Papua menyebabkan masyarakat berusaha menyediakan bahan pangan lokal, termasuk pokem. Nilai gizi biji tanaman ini cukup tinggi sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai salah satu upaya dalam mengatasi ketahanan pangan nasional.Kata kunci: bahan pangan, budidaya, domestikasi, ketahanan pangan, pokem, Setaria italica. Abstract Carrying capacity of the habitat plays important role in the fulfillment of human needs. The effort of pokem plant {Setaria italica (L.) Beauv} domestication in Numfor Island
New Guinea island is known as a home of tremendous collection of orchids. It is certainly in excess of 2500 species, which is 10-13% of the world’s orchids. Some of those species are well described, but some remained unclear. Therefore many more await to be discovered. The aim of this research is to invent orchid’s species in Habema areas, Wamena. Explorative methods were used in this study. The results showed that there were 19 species consist of Dendrobium 11 species, Agrostophyllum 2 species, Glomera 2 species, Liparis 1 species and Bulbophyllum 1 species. Two species remained unidentified. Among them only five species are terrestrial, and eleven are epiphytes. The altitude is 2900-3700 m above sea levels; the rain fall is 1900 mm/year, humidity 86-95 %, with temperature of 14,5–24 oC.Key words: Orchids, exploration, highland, Habema
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